Apoptosis

via the synthesis of effective antibodies against the virus [44]. As B lymphocytes were observed to be depleted in the bursa upon infection with the virus, the apoptosis assay was carried out. Apoptosis is a controlled cell death mode which is implicated in the pathogenesis of viruses that causes diseases [45]. The hallmarks of apoptosis including cell membrane blebbing, DNA fragmentation and Phosphatidylserine (PS) externalization [46] were evaluated by the AO/PI assay and Annexin V analysis in…

Ischemia is a state of tissue oxygen deprivation accompanied by a reduced washout of the resulting metabolites (1). Reperfusion is the restoration of blood flow to the ischemic tissue. Despite the unequivocal benefit of reperfusion of blood to an ischemic tissue, reperfusion itself can elicit a cascade of harmful reactions that injure tissue(2). Studies have shown that renal ischemia - reperfusion injury in addition to kidney tissue, will also be affected distant organs such as the brain (3),…

insertions, and deletions (Alexandrov, et al., 2016), genomic structural rearrangements, chromosomal instability (Helleday, Eshtad, & Nik-Zainal, 2014), over activity of DNA repair mechanisms, damage to mitochondrial DNA and microRNA, excessive apoptosis, and damage to genes related to cellular respiration (Izzotti & Pulliero, 2015). The type and progression of damages to the genome that occur depend on the intensity of tobacco smoke exposure and the length of exposure, The human body has many…

developmental abnormality, such as unwanted apoptosis. Ethanol, a known teratogen, is one such unorthodox environmental factor that if present will have an effect on the embryo’s development; namely defects in the cardiovascular system, structural organization, central nervous system, and even prenatal failure. (Carvan et al. 2004). The purpose of our research is to determine when the administration of ethanol will have the greatest impact on apoptosis of the developing embryo. In 1951,…

TNF (sTNF) and transmembrane TNF (tmTNF) but very weak binding affinity to LT ligands. This drug has very strong actions toward apoptosis, cytokine suppression, CDC, and ADCC. Similar to infliximab, the drug Adalimumab has strong binding affinity toward sTNF and tmTNF and very weak binding affinity toward LT ligands. This drug also has very strong actions toward apoptosis, cytokine suppression, CDC, and ADCC. Etanercept has very strong binding affinity to both TNF ligands as well as the two LT…

Current studies have found that taking omeprazole (prilosec) in combination with paclitaxel, will increase the effectiveness of paclitaxel as an anti-cancer agent. Paclitaxel is an effective form of cancer therapy that treats various kinds of cancer from ovarian to lung cancer. Paclitaxel works by promoting the polymerization of microtubules and prevents depolymerization to have a cytotoxic affect on cells (DeAngelis LM, et al., 1995). Omeprazole is a proton pump inhibitor used clinically for…

intracellular calcium levels activates a number of enzymes such as: phospholipases, endonucleases, and proteases. These enzymes are capable of damaging cell structures such as components of the cytoskeleton, cell membrane and DNA. This eventually leads to apoptosis of the cell. 7 The concept of secondary excitotoxicity, where cellular injury by glutamate is triggered by disturbances in neuronal energy status, may be particularly relevant to a chronic neurodegenerative disease such as ALS.…

Brian Diaz & Emilio Hernandez Biology Honors Dr. Odom 12-4-17 Curing Cancer: Lysosome & Active Transport For this research project we used lysosomes as the cell structure and active transport as the cell capability. We used these factors in order to find a cure for breast cancer. The reason we chose breast cancer is because if anything were to go wrong we would have the capability of having a mastectomy before the cancer can spread. However, with lung cancer we don't have the ability to…

As a post-doctoral fellow, I identified a new regulator that linked cell death (apoptosis) and neurodegeneration with circadian regulation. Apoptosis is an important physiological mechanism by which a single cell is eliminated from living tissue and plays an essential role during development and homeostasis of adult tissues. Therefore, deregulation of apoptosis is frequently associated with diseases ranging from cancer to neurodegeneration. In humans, aging is often associated…

The nature of these cells and the features that derive from them explains why we observed decreased head diameter in the chicks that were exposed to the highest concentration of ethanol; the ethanol induced apoptosis among this cell population leading to cells not migrating to their destinations. Further there were several anomalies that were observed in the chicks that were exposued to 15% ethanol; figure 6 depicts chick embryo with Spina bifida, there is a…