Apoptosis

I. Ganoderma lucidum is especially used to prevent cancer, as it is known to fight cancer tumors. As mentioned in the article, “Ganoderma lucidum in cancer research,” the three anti-cancer proteins found in Ganoderma lucidum are triterpenes, polysaccharides, and immunomodulatory proteins. Ganoderma lucidum II. Ganoderma lucidum is also used to treat heart diseases such as hypertension due to high blood pressure. There are four proteins found in Ganoderma lucidum that contribute to the lowering…

Introduction Sold commercially under the tradename Sevin, carbaryl (C12H11NO2) is an insecticide that is commonly applied to corn, soybean, and cotton (EPA, 2000). It is a cholinesterase inhibitor that kills insects by preventing the breakdown of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter. Neurons are stimulated when they release acetylcholine and transmit a message to the next neuron (Waymire, n.d.). However, in order for a neuron to return to its initial, unstimulated state, the acetylcholine in its…

Hypothalamic programming of systemic ageing involving IKK-b, NF-kB and GnRH (Zhang et al., 2013). Cellular senescence is when a cell’s replicative mechanism becomes arrested. This was phenomenon was first described in Hayflick’s experiment. Cellular senescence is usually due to protect the cell from becoming cancerous but it also plays a prominent role in aging (van Deursen, 2014). While senescence describes a halt in proliferation, cancer development is the uncontrolled proliferation of…

Apoptosis or Programmed cell death (PCD) is a regulated process of cell death where unwanted or damaged cells are eliminated. It is an important component of a cell’s growth, development, and homeostasis in multicellular organisms. The programmed cell death process consists of the cell’s cytoplasm condensing and within an hour getting phagocytized by the neighbouring cell. Throughout the whole process, the cell’s membrane is still intact and this prevents the contents of the cell from getting…

because they are Cell death by apoptosis plays a crucial role in tissue development and homeostasis. This process is carried out through mitochondrial permeabilization and the activation of caspases. The condensation of chromatin and the fragmentation of DNA are key features of apoptotic cells, which are eventually eliminated by phagocytes. The deregulation of apoptosis can contribute to pathologies such as cancer or autoimmune and neurodegenerative diseases. Apoptosis is a type of…

Mitochondria and caspases are essential elements of the controlling mechanism of apoptosis 1. Caspases, a family of enzymes that are key effectors of apoptosis, are cysteine proteases that cut after aspartic acid residues. Several of these enzymes, like caspase 3 and caspase 7, are responsible for many of the effects of apoptosis. These effects include cell shrinkage, PS externalization, and membrane microvesiculation 2-5. Cytochrome C, a component of the electron transport chain, is normally…

survive. Heterozygous is most common type that we can observe. hid is on chromosome 3L. The expression of gene depends on what types of mutation happen on the genes. After many researches, scientists conclude that hid plays a really important role in apoptosis. Most of them happen right after eclosion (Abbott, 1991). There are multiple alleles that are in hid. hidWR+X1 is one of the key allele for us to determine the function of hid (Grether, 1995). It prevents expression mRNA of hid by…

influenza A virus was capable of inducing apoptosis in mast cells, and if so determine if the virus was using this intentionally to its benefit and which pathways were utilized. The methods used included viral infection of cell cultures, hemagglutination assay, real-time quantitative PCR, plaque assay, transmission electron microscopy, TUNEL assay, flow cytometric analysis of apoptosis, western blot, subcellular fractionation extraction, inhibition of apoptosis using specific inhibitors, and…

mechanisms such as overexpression of nuclear factor kappa B (NKB) and anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins may play important roles to prevent apoptosis. However, inhibition of these factors favor apoptosis and may provide a strategy for treating such cancers as glioblastomas (Biswas et al., 2003). Finding a therapeutic approach which can inhibit anti-apoptotic…

These claims are to say the least, unbalanced truths. By the end of this discussion it would have become obvious that there is no basis for undue generalizations in the management of cancer. There still remains the need for expert judgement in formulating a cancer treatment protocol. BEFORE CANCER First, let me state that the human body will literally rust away like a nail left under the rain over time without inbuilt natural protective mechanisms. To prevent rust or oxidation, most…