Apoptosis

keratinocyte apoptosis. 1 Both TEN and SJS are rare, affecting approximately 1 or 2 persons per 1, 000,000 populations annually, and are considered medical emergencies, as they are potentially fatal. 2 The exact molecular pathogenesis of TEN and SJS are not fully understood. TEN patients appear to, have an increased incidence of the haplotype HLA-B12, demonstrating an inability to detoxify intermediate reactive drug metabolites. 3 SJS and TEN are characterized by massive keratinocytes apoptosis.…

Childhood Cancer and its Effects on Family Each year, the parents of approximately 15,700 kids will hear the words “your child has cancer.” Childhood cancer is much more common than people think. People say it is rare and that is one of the reasons why it doesn’t get much funding. Yet, cancer kills more children than cystic fibrosis, muscular dystrophy, asthma, and juvenile diabetes combined. Childhood cancer is devastating and it is very important to know about. It is an awful disease that…

Chronic myeloid leukemia or chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is the cancer of myeloid or white blood cells (WBC). • CML causes an overproduction of mature, in some cases defective, WBC and platelets. This overproduction can cause splenomegaly and fever. Hepatomegaly and weight loss caused by an increase in metabolism. • CML is a rare form of cancer accounting for 0.5% of all cancer cases. CML is diagnosed in 2 of every 100,000 persons, and it is more prominent in men than women. • There…

Toll like receptors (TLRs) are a class of proteins, which play an important role in the innate immune system. They are usually single, they usually span the entire membrane and are expressed on sentinel cells such as dendritic cells and macrophages, which recognize structurally conserved molecules derived from microbes. When the microbe breaches the physical barriers of the body like skin or intestinal mucosa, the TLRs recognize them and initiate an immune response. The TLRs include TLR1, TLR2,…

The body produces antibodies that attack body’s own tissue and causes damage to the various organs. The process starts with cell apoptosis. During apoptosis cell’s intracellular components like DNA and RNA leaks to extracellular space. T cell activates B cell to release antibodies. Combination of the antigen and antibody forms into an immune complex. The immune complex deposits in tissues of…

al., 2006). CM, a second messenger and regulator of apoptosis, stabilizes β secretase activity [36;36](He et al., 2010). In AD, increased CM levels regulate β and γ secretases and amyloid precursor protein (APP) processing on lipid rafts [69](Vetrivel et al., 2004). Mislocalization of β and γ secretase to lipid rafts in post Golgi rather than lysosomes can promote Aβ accumulation [69](Vetrivel et al., 2004). Sphingosine is associated with apoptosis and is elevated in AD brains…

the spindles and therefore interrupt cell division. The drugs that harm the process of mitosis are represented by microtubule binding drugs that inhibit the function of the mitotic spindle in order to halt the cell cycle in mitosis and to induce apoptosis in tumor cells. Vincristine irreversibly binds to and stabilizes tubulin, thereby interrupting microtubule assembly/disassembly dynamics, thereby preventing the formation of the mitotic spindle and leading to cell cycle arrest in metaphase.…

Millions of people all over the world saved by the correct use of radiotherapy (1) and about 50 percent of cancer patients have at least ones in their course of treatment (2). Radiation therapy involves exposure to normal tissues as well as the tumor tissue and can cause damage to the normal cells because of the high energy of the gamma and X-ray (1). All molecules in the cell including lipids, proteins, carbohydrates and nucleic acids have potential to receive damage by radiation. However,…

Introduction Different channel in the body they come from different families, and can have different function depending where they are found in the body. TRPM2 channel is part of a family called transient receptor channel (TRP) [4], and it can be found in many different part of the body, but we will be concentrating on it in the pancreatic β-cell. This channel can be activated by different molecules such as adenosine diphosphate ribose (ADPR) and many others, and through these molecules secret…

Discussion The mechanism of arsenic-induced neurotoxicity is not well defined. Several metabolites of arsenic are able to pass through the blood-brain barrier and accumulate in the hippocampus and some other locations [13]. This affects the intracellular Ca(2+) homeostasis and ultrastructures of hippocampal neurons. In relation to the amino acid neurotransmission, report reveal that arsenic-induced excessive glutamate accumulation in the extracellular space induces excitotoxicity [29]. Arsenic…