Aortic valve

Preoperative evaluation Cardiac surgery, including coronary artery bypass grafting and surgery for valvular disease, represents one of the most common classes of surgical procedures performed worldwide. Advances in the percutaneous management of coronary artery disease as well as in cardiac surgical techniques have led to improved outcomes with consequent longer life expectancy for patients. Greater numbers of patients with depressed left ventricular function, multiple comorbidities, failed…

Complications Cardiac catheterization is categorized as an invasive procedure that involves the heart, its valves, and coronary arteries, in addition to femoral artery which is a large artery. Cardiac catheterization complications can be classified in to cardiac and vascular complications.…

is a muscular organ located in the thoracic cavity; it is responsible for pumping the blood to rest of the body through the circulatory system.1 It is composed of four chambers: left & right atrium and ventricle, these two chambers are separated by valves(atrioventricular), whereas the left and right side of heart is separated by interventricular septum.1 Walls of heart are composed of cardiac myocytes, these cells contain myofilaments, each unit is composed of contractile protein called actin…

cava 10, this blood enters the right atrium 11. Now the right atrium contracts pushing the blood into the right ventricle 1 through the tricuspid valve. As the ventricle is filled the tricuspid valve closes to prevent any back flow of the blood. The right ventricle contracts forcing the blood to enter into the pulmonary artery 2 through the pulmonary valve. The pulmonary artery extends into both of the lungs where the deoxygenated blood is replenished with oxygen and is send back to the heart…

1. List the functions of the cardiovascular system. What are the different types of blood vessels? Which vessels carry blood towards the heart? Which carry blood away from the heart? Where does gas exchange occur? The functions of the cardiovascular system are: pumping blood to body tissues and organs; maintaining homeostasis; and transport gases, waste, and hormones. The different types of blood vessels are: arteries, capillaries, and veins. The vessels that carry blood towards the heart are…

Cardiac Cycle The cardiac cycle is the sequence of events that occur in the heart during one heart beat. It is how the heart operates, and what exactly happens when it contracts and relaxes. The heart is equipped with four chambers and one-way valves that work with precision to pump blood to and from the body. The heart regulates blood volume to support efficient circulation to the cells, tissues, organs, and systems. It provides oxygen and nutrients to the bodies tissue while also removing…

The spleen can be found in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen, lying posteriorly to the stomach and underneath the diaphragm. The spleen can be found enclosed in a capsule of dense irregular connective tissue (Krause, 2008). Prone to infections and other conditions, the spleen can easily become enlarged because it is highly vascularized. Malignancies, parasites, liver diseases and other conditions passed in the blood and immune system can cause the spleen to be infected. In addition to the…

Q-1. Describe the function of hemoglobin in blood and describe how pH can affect the function of hemoglobin and the amount of oxygen in blood. Be sure to relate the lab results you obtained to this discussion. Hemoglobin’s main function is to carry oxygen throughout the human body. As the oxygen molecule is dissolved in the blood it combines with hemoglobin forming oxyhemoglobin. Oxygen released from oxyhemoglobin increases as the blood pH levels decreases. Deoxyhemoglobin can also bind to the…

reported that Aeydan was diagnosed with HLHS during pregnancy via ultrasound and other screening tests. Aeydan first surgery occurred 4 days after his birth, in which a shunt was placed and the valves of the heart were evaluated.…

the heart, including the sinoatrial (SA) nodes. During diastole the coronaries arteries receive blood to flow freely into the muscle since it is in a relaxed state. During systole, the ventricle contracts and the aortic leaflets close the coronary arteries. The closing of the aortic valves fills in the coronary arteries creating differences between the systolic and diastolic pressure. This pressure is known as pressure pulse (PP) the difference is calculated by subtracting the diastolic pressure…