Aortic valve replacement

Introduction: The delivery of safe Anaesthesia to patients today has developed alongside the increasing complex surgeries and operations that are carried out on patients as and when required, either for pre-planned operations or for acute medical emergency and trauma cases. Pre-operative meeting and assessment of the patient by an Anaesthetist (Medical Practitioner) ideally weeks before the planned surgery is essential for safe Anaesthesia to be delivered. Providing an adequate…

Bhimji (2015), patients with TOF are surviving longer than 15-20 years after their first operation. The major complication after surgery is the development of pulmonary valve regurgitation in which they would require a pulmonary valve replacement. Most patients receive a pericardial homograft and there is no telling how long these valves will last (Bhimji, 2015). These patients also have a risk of endocarditis and will need prophylactic antibiotic for some surgical and all dental procedures for…

Final impression found mildly dilated left ventricle with normal wall thickness and normal systolic function with an estimated ejection fraction is fifty to fifty-five percent. Thickened mitral valve with mild to moderate aortic stenosis and mild regurgitation is also present with an aortic valve area of 2.0 cm2 and a mean gradient of 11mmHg. Lastly mild left atrial and right atrium enlargement. The patient also had a White Blood Cell Local Study NM which is an imaging test that uses a…

disease. In 70% of the cases, testing the mother’s ATP7A gene for the mutation can also make the diagnoses. Performing an ultrasound on the bladder can show diverticula which is also an indication of the disorder. In severe cases, thickening of the aortic valve may occur.…

varying expressivity along with the complete or partial loss of an X sex chromosome[2]. Symptoms of Turner’s syndrome include, but aren’t limited to short stature, glucose intolerance, broad chest and widely spread nipples, amenorrhea, webbed neck, aortic valve stenosis, visual impairments, hearing loss, problems with concentration, and nonverbal learning issues[3]. Not all individuals will present with the same combination of symptoms or with the same expressivity[4]. About half of the 2,500…

Turner syndrome, also known as TS and gonadal dysgenesis, is a chromosomal deficiency affecting over two million women that occur when two of the X chromosomes in a female’s DNA are either incomplete or missing entirely. It usually becomes apparent when a female is only a few years old, or even shortly following her birth. The missing genetic material of the X chromosome keeps the female body from maturing on its own. Because Turner syndrome is different for every female and an individual…

Cardiac and respiratory conditions can be very hard on the child and the families of the child. There are many different cardiac and respiratory conditions that can affect a child, as well as their families. The great thing is that many of these conditions we are able to treat. The cardiac condition that I decided to research is the Tetralogy of Fallot and the respiratory condition is Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Tertralogy of Fallot is a birth defect and affects normal blood flow. During…

Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death globally. Different types of cardiac operations are performed every day in hospitals varying in complexity to treat several lesions such as coronary artery bypass graft, heart valve replacement and total heart replacement. Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is a crucial technique employed in the majority of these operations (Punjabi and Taylor 2013). It takes over the function of the heart and lungs during the surgery to maintain the adequate…

Since the United States government started the practice of privatizing major departments such as health care and education, as a result these areas are more focused on employing techniques that affect their bottom line. Upon examining the three crucial aspects of profit earning such as the total number of patients, quality of services, and staff and or management, it can be concluded that all three areas have a direct impact on each other. To a hospital, the total number of patients seen is…

Question 2 What are stem cells (what characteristics define them)? Stem cells are cells that has the potential to develop into different cell types in the body during early life and growth. They serve as an internal repair system , dividing essentially without limit to replenish other cells as long as the person is alive .When a stem cell divides it can either remain as a stem cell or can develop into a cell with more specialized function like muscle cell, red blood cell etc. Two…