Aorta

Animal well-being after hydrodynamic injections. In general, the mice tolerated very well the gene transfer procedure via hydrodynamic tail vein injection. All animals recovered from the hydrodynamic injections completely in 5 to 10 min without any signs of distress or problems. The blood creatinine levels did not raise from the pre-hydrodynamic injection baseline values, indicating that the putatively harsh gene transfer method was not harmful to the kidney function, or that one week was long…

A genetic disorder is a genetic condition, originally caused by a DNA abnormality. Genetic disorders can be inherited or can form early, in the development of child’s womb. Marfan syndrome is a genetic disorder that came from a French doctor named, Antoine Marfan. He first discovered it when he noticed a five-year-old girl, with symptoms of Marfan syndrome. He would later go on to describe this disorder. Marfan syndrome is a genetic disorder that affects the body’s connective tissues in many…

through contractions. The final stage is called the isovolumic relaxation time, during this stage pressure decreases, no blood enters the ventricles, the ventricles then begin relaxing and the semilunar valves close due to pressure of blood found in the aorta. The heart also has a conduction system which allows a pulse to be generated by the sinoatrial node, which stimulated the cardiac muscle, aka the myocardium. The myocardium contracts while propagated which causes a rhythmic pulse in the…

a suit against Zimmerman and the Ledermanns. He wa later examined twice by his doctors suggestions, on January and March, 1957, where everything was found normal. At defendant's request David was examined by another doctor who reported to them the aorta aneurism. When the case was called for trial neither David nor his father were aware of his condition. Consequently, they agreed to a settle in full for $6500 for all claims. Issue. Zimmerman…

also known as Blue Baby Syndrome. According to Parker, Mai, and Canfield (2016) Tetralogy of Fallot is a combination of four cardiac defects. It includes a ventricular septal defect, pulmonary stenosis, right ventricular hypertrophy and an overriding aorta, where the aortic valve is enlarged and opens from both ventricles. According to “Tetralogy et al,” (2015) the pulmonary stenosis and right ventricular obstruction usually limits blood flow to the lungs. Due to this restriction, the…

The heart muscle is called the Myocardium. The Myocardium is the middle and thickest layer of the heart wall. The muscle functions by providing a type of “scaffolding” for the heart chambers and when contracting it pumps blood out of the heart and then relaxes as the heart refills with returning blood. The Myocardium’s smooth outer membrane is called the epicardium and its inner lining is called the endocardium. The heart muscle like any other organ or tissue in your body needs oxygen-rich…

artery to reach the lungs where it picks up oxygen. The oxygenated blood comes back to the left atrium and passes through the mitral valve to reach the left ventricle. The walls of the left ventricle have to compress to pump the oxygenated blood to the aorta which supplies the rest of the body. When the process fails heart failure may occur and the walls of the left ventricles can become thicker and thicker, and at the end not able to perform its normal function.…

arteriosus (PDA), Atrial Septal Defect (ASD), Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD), and Atrioventricular canal (AVC). In patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), the patent ductus arteriosus, a structure seen in all fetuses, fails to close. “Extra blood goes from the aorta into the lungs and may lead to "flooding" of the lungs, rapid breathing, and poor weight gain (Stanford). Atrial or Ventricular Septal defect occurs when there is a hole in the heart between the atria or ventricles respectively. Anomalies…

Mild treatment may include laser eye surgery or a corrective brace. The more severe cases of Marfan may result in necessary corrective surgery to the back or spine or heart surgery to prevent or fix a rupture in or near the aorta. With Marfan syndrome come a lifestyle change to prevent tearing of connective tissues. This may mean refraining from contact or competitive sports and avoiding caffeine or medicines containing decongestants (NHGRI). People with Marfan syndrome who…

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common form of feline cardiomyopathies. This disease affects the cardiovascular system. The heart has many important anatomical features. One of these being the ventricle of the heart. The ventricle of the heart is the main heart muscle that pumps blood. When HCM occurs the left ventricle within the heart thickens. When the thickening of the ventricle occurs there will be a decreased ventricular chamber volume, and abnormal ventricular relaxation.…