Antipsychotic

Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder that affects approximately 23.6 million people globally (Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 Collaborators, 2015). The disorder is marked by delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech and behavior, which typically result in problems related to self-care and general functioning in social and occupational settings (American Psychiatric Association, 2000). Despite the first detailed clinical description having been written in 1810 (Haslam, 1810), and…

Annotated Bibliography Thesis: Article 1: Pec, O., Bob, P., & Lysaker, P. H. (2015). TRAUMA, DISSOCIATION AND SYNTHETIC METACOGNITION IN SCHIZOPHRENIA. Activitas Nervosa Superior, 57(2), 59-70. The authors are linking childhood trauma and dissociation with Schizophrenia. With Synthetic metacognition in Schizophrenia patients describes their thoughts, feelings, and connection between events. Insufficiency of the synthetic metacognition in someone is measureable by sampling their metacognitive…

According to the medical profession, auditory verbal hallucinations (AVH) have always been considered as a symptom of schizophrenia (Sartorius et al, 1974). There is also a prevalent belief influenced by society and the media, that they are an antecedent to violent offending (Leudar & Thomas, 2000). However, it has begun to be increasingly recognized that many individuals in the general population hear voices without feelings of distress or a psychiatric disorder. The hallucinations that are…

reduction in the hypertension. Canrenone is the active metabolite which is thought to play a significant part in exerting the pharmacological effects of the drug Spironolactone. There are numerous side effects of Spironolactone, and some people even found that it had the potential to cause certain types of cancers as well, hence as a result questioning its safety. There are also other adverse effects of Spironolactone which involve the issue of severe hyperkalaemia, especially when…

Abstract For the study, the researchers concentrated on the microbiome of the oropharynx, the area of throat located at the back of the mouth, including the back third of the tongue, soft palate, tonsils and side and back walls of the throat. Research prior from the team pinpointed differences in one facet of throat bacteria between people with schizophrenia and people without the disorder. In the new study, the researchers focused on the complete totality of microorganisms and their collective…

1) Natural Selection: is the process whereby organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring. 2) This can be seen in a modern example of natural selection where: Resistance to antibiotics is increased through the survival of individuals that are: o immune to the effects of the antibiotic o whose offspring then inherit the resistance, creating a new population of resistant bacteria. Thus, natural selection constantly removes those genetic alleles…

There are a lot of different disorders, but schizophrenia may be one of the most popular. Schizophrenia is defined as a long-term psychological disorder involving a collapse within our thoughts, our feelings, and our behavior. Schizophrenia have different types of disorders, recovery and rehabilitation methods, and signs of the disorder. There are different types of schizophrenia that a person can encounter. According to Mental Health America, Paranoid, disorganized, catatonic, residual are some…

Extra Credit Article Assignment The research paper “Inflammation Animal Models for Schizophrenia” conducted by the department of Psychiatry at Ruhr University summarized research on the neurodevelopmental hypothesis for the origins of schizophrenia. The neurodevelopmental hypothesis states that the neurotransmitter imbalances seen in schizophrenia could be caused by a residual effect of maternal immune responses. The researchers would explain that the immune response of the mother would affect…

In 1959, research psychiatrist Donald F. Klein was studying imipramine, a new drug synthesized by a minor alteration in the chemical structure of the “major tranquilizer” chlorpromazine. Researchers hoped that imipramine, like chlorpromazine, would help people with schizophrenia, whose psychotic symptoms were at that time believed to result from excessive anxiety. Unfortunately, imipramine did not stop delusions or hallucinations, but it did alleviate depressive symptoms in schizophrenic…

The concept of schizophrenia is of a relatively recent origin, less than a century old. This disorder was first established by the German psychiatrist, Dr. Emile Kraepelin in 1887 as a distinct mental illness from other psychotic disorders. At that time, he used the Latin term “dementia praecox” (early dementia) to identify persons who had manifestations that nowadays are associated with schizophrenia (Psychology Today, 2015). He used different subtypes such as hebephrenia, catatonia and…