Antimicrobial

Catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) is another healthcare-associated infection that we need to be worried about because it is becoming very common for people that need catheters when in a healthcare setting. Catheters are used more than people may think in the healthcare setting. Catheters are used on trauma patients that are brought into the emergency room in need of surgery. Women that are have a C-section for the birth of their baby. Catheters are used when people are on a…

within non-specific immunity includes intact skin, mucous membranes and their secretions, and normal microbiota. The second line of defense within non-specific immunity includes phagocytic white blood cells, inflammatory responses, fever, and antimicrobial substances. The human body’s third line of defense is specific immunity. Specific resistance includes specialized adaptive lymphocytes such as B cells and T cells and antibody production. Antibodies produced by B cells coat the surface of a…

Staphylococcus aureus is a part of the family Staphylococcaceae. Staphylococcus aureus is a gram-positive coccus that forms in clusters. There are over 30 staphylococcus organisms but S. aureus causes the largest amount of staph infections. The staph infections can include; “skin infections, pneumonia, food poisoning, toxic shock syndrome, and blood poisoning (bacteremia)” (NIH). Staph infections can present in numerous manners including; pimples or boils. An individual can be a carrier of S.…

There is no doubt that pharmaceuticals and herbal supplements are big business. Choosing the best, and safest remedy is something that should definitely be researched. Although I am not saying that the amazing advances in medicine are not to be utilized when necessary, it is my true belief that alternative medicine and nutrition should be used more as a means of staying healthy before the use of a miracle pill, as prescribed by a doctor, becomes necessary. Our western culture has raised us to…

Table 2. Results for the antimicrobial susceptibility tests using the BSAC method Organism Microbial Resistance (mm) CFX CXM CTX CPM Control 310217 704476/2 706498 310258 CFX = Cefalexin. CXM = Cefuroxime. CTX = Cefotaxime. CPM = Cefepime. R = Resistant. S = Sensitive. Table 2 highlights resistance/sensitive of the dissimilar microorganisms to the different sorts of antibiotics. Data of table 2 demonstrates that E.coli strains produced sort of difference in resistance.…

The heterocyclic compounds naming tetrahydrocarbazoles having the significant biological properties. The newly substituted tetrahydrocarbazole derivatives were prepared from substituted phenylhydrazine and cyclohexanone in glacial acetic acid under reflux. These intermediates on reaction with substituted aromatic acid chlorides in alkaline media finally converted to N-Substituted tetrahydrocarbazoles. Fifteen compounds are synthesized and charaterized by their melting point (MP), IR, NMR, MS…

Plants have major role in changing the life of human civilization both for health as well as quality life from ancient times. Since inception of knowledge about the usefulness, out of 258,650 species of higher plants 10% are considered to be useful for curing the diseases. (Shinwari 2010). From the human civilization different systems of treatments like Ayurveda, Unani, Naturopathy, Sidha, Homeopathy and many more have been devised ; but the source almost remain same i.e., medicinal plants for…

Metronidazole Systematic (IUPAC) name: 2-(2-methyl-5-nitro-1H-imidazol-1-yl)ethanol Bioavailability : 80% (oral), 60-80% (rectal), 20-25% (vaginal)122,123 Protein binding : 20% 122,123 Metabolism : Hepatic 122,123 Half-life : 8 hours 122,123 Excretion : Urine (77%), faeces (14%) 122,123 Formula : C6H9N3O3 Mol. mass : 171.15 g/mol Melt. point : 159–163 °C (318–325 °F) Metronidazole is a nitroimidazoleantibiotic medication used particularly for anaerobic bacteria and protozoa.…

Phyllanthus niruri Extracts of Phyllanthus niruri have been studied for biological activities in various animal models and in vitro models and reported to possess significant antimicrobial, antiviral, hepato protective, antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antiplasmodial, antiurolithiatic and diuretic. The phytochemical studies were characterized and the presence of various compounds such as lignans, phyllanthin, hypophyllanthin, flavonoids, glycosinoids & tannins was mentioned (Narendra…

Resistance of Ordinary Bacteria to Penicillin Russell, Bradley BSC111L 4 Nov. 2016 Introduction Antibiotic resistance is a problem that is occurring more and more rapidly across the world. Antibiotic resistance is when antibiotics have lost the ability to control or kill bacteria. The bacteria become resistant to antibiotics and continue to multiply. This is causing medical and science communities to grow more and more uneasy as therapeutic levels of antibiotics are becoming less and…