Antigen

TLR/NF-kB is a reporter gene mice that help in sequencing and recognizing the areas of inflammation. Additionally, the timeframe of inflammation was observed to introduce the connection of high diet and insulin resistance. The results of this experiment showed that in conventionally raised specific pathogen free mice high fat diet induced increase in the body weight unlike germ-free mice. Moreover, fecal slurries analysis provided activation of NF-κBEGFP in GF NF-κBEGFP mice. Thus, high fat diet…

5. The Rh factor The Rh factor types were discovered in 1940 by alexander wiener and Karl Landsteiner . Rh blood group is the most complex genetic of all blood type system, because it hooks 45 different surface antigen on the surface of the red cells that are controlled by two closely linked genes on chromosome 1. The antiserum for blood sample was the outcome results of the research that was done on the rhesus monkeys which lead to the naming of the Rh system. (Oneil, 31-07-2015) The RH factor…

essential process for those who need blood transfusion or those willing to donate blood. The reason this stage is compulsory is because not all blood is compatible. Potentially a fatal transfusion reaction can occur if a unit of blood containing an ABO antigen to which the blood recipient has an antibody is transfused to the recipient. Therefore, to avoid all rational problems an individual must obtain a blood type before any blood transfusions to not experience a dangerous immune response. In…

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a type of malignant brain tumor typically found in the cerebral hemispheres, but can be found anywhere in the brain or spinal cord. These tumors are highly malignant meaning a large number of cells reproduce at any given time. There are two main types: primary, or de novo meaning the tumors make themselves known quickly and are extremely aggressive, and secondary meaning the tumors have a slower growth history but are equally aggressive . Secondary tumors are…

Huether, 2013). The prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is an antigen that is secreted by the prostate into the blood (McCance & Huether, 2013). The tumor marker is still utilized to assist in detecting and managing prostate cancer, but much controversy remains regarding the reliability of the tumor marker. Many research findings support…

protein which is produced by the human body’s immune system when it detects a substance that may be harmful (antigens like: bacteria, viruses, chemicals, parasites, etc). Antibodies are sometimes produced when the immune system mistakenly considers a healthy tissue, as a dangerous one, and creates antibodies against it. This is called an “autoimmune disorder”. [8] 2.1.3. “Antigens” An antigen can be any foreign substance capable…

1. The immune system is a group of organs including your cells, proteins, and structure of the lymphatic and circulatory system that work together to keep the human body healthy. The immune’s system primary function is to protect all other organs systems from attack such as things like bacteria or prevent you from getting sick. Our body’s immune system includes three major parts. The first main defense of the immune system is known as barriers which is the first line of defense. Barriers…

For instance, it increases internal permeability in replay to particular stimulations. It also reorients the immune response towards the luminal content, which allows for either tolerance or elimination of luminal antigens (3). In some cases, the GALT also provokes damage to the intestinal mucosa. This occurs in response to food allergy or diseases within the GI tract such as celiac disease. This article discusses the role of GALT in relation to different allergies…

due to the presence of preformed antibodies in the recipient’s serum which are either directed against donor HLA antigens (referred to as DSAs) or ABO blood group antigens located on the graft endothelium {Chan:2000ui, Howell:2010fg, Overviewoftranspla:2013ty, ImmunologicAspects:2002tn}. Following anastomosis and blood flow into the graft, the antibodies bind to their respective antigens on the vascular endothelium activating the complement cascade and also the clotting cascade. This leads to…

differentiate between foreign antigens and native self. Because the B-cells are the predominate issue, it makes sense to target B-cells as therapeutic agents. There are several different ways that researchers have attempted to target the B-cells. The first way is through B-cell surface antigens, which include CD19, CD20, and CD22. Targeting these surface proteins with antibodies ultimately leads to cell death, although the mechanism varies. However, these surface antigens are present on most…