Antigen

MP is a 26-year old male who presented with complaints of abdominal pain and requested a physical examination. Height: 5’11”. Weight: 280#. BMI: 39.1. Past medical history includes: untreated hypertension; one suicide attempt via self-inflicted gunshot wound; multiple reconstructive surgeries scars to anterior chest, neck, and face. Social history includes: 10 pack-years smoker; remote history of intravenous drug abuse; alcoholism. Family medical history includes: colon cancer and hypertension.…

following: Equine influenza, equine herpesvirus 1 and 4–related diseases, equine rhinitis A and B viruses, or equine adenoviruses. Testing for equine viral arteritis can be achieved by virus isolation, detection of nucleic acid, observation of viral antigen, or demonstration of recent humoral antibody response by testing paired Sera collection 3-4 weeks apart. Stallions can be identified as carriers by isolating the virus from the semen, due to the fact that EVA is not present in respiratory…

GM crops is a very controversial topic that is being discussed around the world. GM crops are plants that have been genetically altered in order to become more efficient. Having food is very important to human life. We are being presented with an opportunity to improve our health and lives through genetically modified crops. They not only provide a substantial amount of nutrition, they can help us create vaccines, they make it easier to to care of the crops, and they can be improved to create…

To confirm this diagnosis a blood test is then taken (Hepatitis). The blood test will show the presence of the virus or of antibodies and antigens that have built up because of the virus. In some cases, a liver biopsy may be done to determine whether there is hepatitis related damage to the liver, including cirrhosis and liver cancer. Other ways to diagnose is to use imaging test such as a…

them to build immunity. Nursing not only allows mothers to give their baby immunity to illnesses they’re immune to, but allows the baby to give germs to the mother. By passing germs to the mother, it allows her to build antibodies to that particular antigen, which she can then pass to the baby (Ochert, 2010). Breast milk also contains lactoferrin, which acts more broadly than the pathogen specific antibodies. Lactoferrin can directly kill bacteria, viruses, and fungi, and has an…

Introduction Legionnaires’ Disease is a kind of common pneumonia and caused by bacteria, Legionella Pneumophila. Legionnaires’ Disease becomes more and more in recent years in Hong Kong. Background information The first outbreak of Legionnaires’ Disease happened in 1976 which found in Philadelphia in the United States and caused 34 people to die. It is an acute bacterial disease, its incubation period is 2-10 days. Thus, the most common transmission of Legionella are disseminate sprays and…

Vaccination is a method of giving antigen to stimulate the immune response through active immunization. It is an immune-biological substance designed to produce specific protection against a given disease. A vaccine is “antigenic” but not “pathogenic”. I think we should definitely have mandatory childhood vaccinations. It is the shared responsibility, vaccines are safe and effective. Vaccines can eradicate disease and prevent serious illness and death. According to the American Academy of…

Is this the worst flu season we ever had in the nation? Do people even still want a flu shot? What precautions are being taken to make sure that the flu shot is effective and safe to use? Lately, this year’s flu season is gaining a lot of attention because of how deadly it is. The season starts in December and can last up until late May. The months that the flu has is peaks are in December and March. The flu has been reported to be widespread through forty nine states. Just in January alone,…

gov). Influenza is a short-term illness that is typically resolved within days, with the most extreme cases lasting only weeks. When an illness is encountered, antibodies are developed that are unique and defend the body against one specific type of antigen (medlineplus.gov). Antibodies serve two purposes: neutralize the threat and eliminate the threat (missinglink.ucsf.edu). Antibodies are the body’s natural way of fighting infection and are safer and more reliable than artificial immunization…

Myasthenia gravis is a chronic autoimmune disease that targets the neuromuscular junction resulting in impaired impulse transmission and skeletal muscle weakness. The muscular weakness may exacerbate during periods of activity while improving after periods of rest, occurring with various severities. Muscles that control the eyes, eyelids, facial expression, swallowing, and talking can also be affected. Symptoms are presented as drooping of the eyelids, called ptosis, blurred or double vision,…