Antigen

ver since the invention of the first smallpox vaccine more than two centuries ago, there has been plenty of controversy over the morality, ethics, effectiveness, and safety of vaccination and immunization When it comes to immunizing their children, an increasing numbers of parents aren't just relying on their practitioners advice — they're making their decisions based on rumors and advice spread online through websites, message boards, and blogs. Dinner parties or playdate conversations can be…

A disease for canines is Parvovirus, which is an oral, contagious disease of canines that strikes at the body’s reproducing cells. The blood carries the disease to the digestive tract where it sheds the virus in the feces. Canines at any age can contract this disease, especially unvaccinated adults or puppies. The infection can be transmitted between canines, or on any object that comes in contact with infected canine’s feces. In any area where the canine sleeps, eats, or plays can be an…

Genetically modified bacteria can benefit society in many ways. “Genetically-modified foods have the potential to solve many of the world’s hunger and malnutrition problems” (Pandey, A.). This paper will show how modified bacteria is beneficial through nutrients in food, resistance towards drought and chemicals used on plants, and uses for pharmaceuticals. First, there needs to be an understanding of how genetically modified bacteria works. Genetically modified crops start off with…

cells. But it's thought it may involve environmental factors, genetic makeup and hormones changes. Smoking may involve to RA. It happens mostly in the middle age but also it can result at any age. A occurs in women more than men. RA related to the antigen of type major histocompatibility complex (MHC), which is inherited. Also, RA associates Vitamin D deficiency so people with Vitamin…

contagious viral infections. The MMR vaccine is a live attenuated vaccine and two doses are required for complete protection of children, and in some circumstances, adults. Through artificial active immunity, an immune response is triggered due to antigens in the vaccine. The alternative to artificial active immunity and the use of vaccines, is natural and passive immunity. This involves acquiring the active infection to trigger an immune…

Mind and Body: Physical Manifestations of the Mind Our immune system is there to protect us from anything that will do harm to our body, such as antigens. However, for someone who have an autoimmune disorder, their immune system fails to identify what is doing harm and helping the body. Based on the U.S. National Library of Medicine, The exact cause of autoimmune disorders is unknown. One theory is that some microorganisms (such as bacteria or viruses) or drugs may trigger changes that…

It has been used in detecting and quantifying specific antibodies and antigens in different samples7. ELISA has the advantages of high sensitivity and strong specificity due of the selectivity and affinity of monoclonal antibodies. Competitive ELISA is used for detection of the small molecules and for its high sensitivity.…

Introduction Ulcerative Colitis is a chronic relapsing inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The disease results in ulcers on the inflamed large intestine that results in mucous and pus. Ulcerative Colitis (UC) most commonly affects the rectum and sigmoid colon with ulceration of the colonic mucosa (book). There are varying types of UC that affect different regions of the colon. These types include: Ulcerative Proctitis, Proctosigmoiditis, Left-sided Colitis and Pan-ulcerative (total) Colitis.…

According to the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, there are more than 600 neurologic disorders 1. Neurodegeneration is one of the main contributors to Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and Multiple Sclerosis. Neurodegeneration is the debilitating condition along with those diseases, which results in the healthy, functioning nerve cells to deteriorate and slowly die off. Deterioration gradually leads to the loss of cognitive skills, motor skills, and eventually death of the nerve…

Biology issues investigation Zoe Skoumbros SACE Number: 798439F Should parents have the right to select the embryo of their child to prevent them from developing diseases? Designer babies are those that have had alterations to their genes in order to eradicate a specific gene or ensure that a gene is not present in the DNA of the baby. These babies are generally engineered in vitro for specially selected traits through IVF which allows pre selection before implantation.…