Antigen

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    Researchers have shown that autoimmune response is supposed to be the reason why they have seen the rheumatic fever in their vaccine experiments. Now they believe if they can isolate those antigens, they may be able to fight the…

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    Flu Season Analysis

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    Our story begins with our John and he is presented with a predicament. Flu season is here once again and John dreads even the idea of having to get the flu shot. This is because when John was a child he was tricked by his parents by saying they were going to the doctor for just a check up. When they got to the doctor John was brought into the doctor’s office and had his check up he was ready to go awaiting to get his lollypop. The doctor came in with no lollipop in hand and called the parents…

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    Pros And Cons Of Plague

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    Why is The Plague SO Good at Killing? There are some factors about the Yersinia pestis that make it an infecting machine. Y. pestis creates two anti-phagocytic antigens, F1 antigen and VW antigen. An anti-phagocytic antigen is defined as, a substance in the immune system’s cells that eats harmful pathogens. Both the F1 and the VW antigen are necessary for the bacteria to grow, as is the temperature, 37degrees Celsius. It is because of this need for a certain temperature, lower than which fleas…

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    Involving the use of living organisms like bacteria in industrial processes due to their natural metabolic capabilities are known as biotechnology. They are used a several ways such as manufacturing of foods, cosmetic products and production of antibiotics, probiotics, drugs, vaccines, insecticides, and enzymes. In addition, they are also being widely used in the genetic engineering. Nowadays, bacteria are commonly used in the food industry for the manufacture of dairy products such as cheese,…

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    Human Immune System

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    The Human immune system and Autoimmunity The human immune system is a true strong-hold and defender, which response firmly and swiftly to attacks from foreign invaders. It has the ability to manipulate change in order to optimize the response and quarantine many of the unwanted intrusions. The Human immune system has many purposes. They include, defending the body against infectious microorganisms, such as fungi, bacteria and viruses-by destroying and resisting them. The Human immune system is…

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    Blood Confusion Essay

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    2. Function of RBC antigens? 3. Which blood type is universal recipient? Universal donor 4. Important facts about Rh factors? 5. Most fatal hemolytic reactions result from? 6. What are the procedures for donor/recipient blood? 7. How long does a type and screen take? What does it determine? 8. Type and crossmatch take how long? What three phases are performed? 9. Type A has _____ antigens on RBC and ________ antibodies in plasma 10. Type B has _____ antigens on RBC and…

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    chemicals, and infections. While the genetic factors include Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) gene, cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA4) gene, protein tyrosine phosphatase nonreceptor-type 22 (PTPN22) gene, vitamin D receptor gene, and cytokine genes. Lastly,…

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    according to the guidelines of the Dutch Federation of Medical Research Associations. Quadruple fluorescent and enzymatic immunostaining of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes and their ligands had been performed using 4 µm sectioned fixed tissues. A citrate antigen was silver stained with anti-cytokeratin AE1/AE3 antibody (IgG1), followed by a mixture of antibodies ab828 (polyclonal, anti-CD8), HNK-1 (IgM, anti-CD57), and 4B11 (IgG2b, anti-CD8) were added to a slide of the fixed tissue. This…

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    worldwide (4,7,12,17,19).  The serological clarification of Salmonella serovars may be determined by commercially accessible polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), which detect antigens characteristic to a particular serovar (7,18).  A bacterium serovar is established by somatic, flagellar, and capsular antigens present in the cell walls (6,7,12,19).  Belonging to the Enterobacteriaceae family S. Typhimurium is a gram-negative rod flagellated, non-sporing, catalase-positive,…

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    via injection, contains the parts of Neisseria meningitides (which cannot cause infection but which encourages the body to fight the bacteria through building up antibodies (substances the body produces to fight disease). The antibodies combat the antigens (a toxin which induces…

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