Anticholinergic

The baby boomer generation is entering their retirement years living longer and being more active than any previous generation. These older adults are expressing a desire and an expectation that they will remain mobile in their community and enjoy the associated freedoms that come from driving for as much of their lifespan as possible. Regardless of profession, most service providers will be working with older adults in the next several decades. Understanding the public health implication of an…

In 1817 James Parkinson introduced Parkinson’s disease after having six patients experiencing involuntary unsteady motions that didn’t related to other disease out at the time. (Lees et al 2009). Parkinson’s disease affects the central nervous system and it leads to severe troubles with body motions. Symptoms include shaking, stiffness, slowed body movements, unstable posture and trouble walking (Singh and Pillay 2007). Now 200 years later this disease is the most common movement disorder in the…

A Case Analysis of the Pathophysiology and Pharmacologic Treatment of Asthma Definition of Disease Asthma is a “chronic inflammatory disorder of the bronchial mucosa that causes hyperresponsiveness and constrictions of the airways” (Huether & McCance 2014). The onset of asthma has the ability to be induced by a variety of forms: non-allergic (stress, anxiety, or weather induced ), allergic (extrinsic), reaction to medications, and strenuous cardiovascular activities (Lilley, Collins, & Snyder,…

Depression is a big worldwide problem, and in USA antidepressants are the third most common prescribed drug. It is a problem that appears to be on the rise. However, a lot about the function of antidepressants and why they seem to be working better in some individuals still remains unknown. Some data actually suggests that antidepressants works as good as taking a sugar pill. A meta-analysis (2010) were six separate studies were analysed to compare the effectiveness of antidepressants…

Journal Article Citation: Andersen, F., Viitanen, M., Halvorsen, DS., Straume, B., & Engstad, TA. (2011). Co-Morbidity and Drug Treatment in Alzheimer’s disease. U.S National Library of Medicine, 11(58), n.p. doi: 10.1186/1471-2318-11-58 Type of study (i.e. prospective cohort): This is a cross-sectional study on co-morbidity and drug treatment of Alzheimer’s disease in northern Norway. Sample/population: The sample included people who had and did not have Alzheimer’s disease. There were 187…

Neuropathic pain whether based on an injury or a result of a form of dysfunction from the nervous system is still a condition which better treatment options are still being researched. Neuropathic pain can even be divided further into peripheral and central neuropathic pain. While peripheral pain may result from a disease, a more central neuropathic pain may result from damage to brain or spinal cord. [] Despite numerous medications in the market and therapy treatments which patients endure,…

smooth muscle relaxation. “Long-acting bronchodilators are preferred over short-acting ones because of fewer doses and improved symptom management. For more effective treat of stable COPD, combination therapy using an inhaled β2-agonist and an anticholinergic can also be used” (Chaundry, 2011). These bronchodilators are used with other smooth muscle…

patches. There can be side effects of nausea and sickness. The fourth group is the glutamate agonists. It is common that these drugs are taken with another for PD and can create blurred vision, confusion, swelling of ankles, and fainting. Lastly, anticholinergics are less likely to be prescribed but can be useful for the early stage of PD and when the symptoms are mild. They can cause of multitude of problems like: confusion, blurred vision, and constipation which is a reason why they are not…

The diagnostic criteria for OCD (Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder) includes recurring and unwanted thoughts & urges which are hard to suppress and may cause discomfort or anxiety; this is known as obsession. Subsequently, there are compulsions, repetitive behaviors and actions performed by a person in a response to an obsession or an unrealistic belief it will prevent a horrific event or sooth anxiety. In order to meet the criteria for OCD these obsessions, compulsions, or a combination of both…

Dr. Gregory House is a 55-year-old single man; he lives in an apartment by himself and is the head of Diagnostic Medicine at Princeton-Plainsboro Teaching Hospital. Dr. Houses’ father was abusive in some instances he would make House take a cold bath and sleep outside thus leading to a very strained relationship between the two. Additionally, Dr. Houses ' relationship with his mother was tainted by her cheating on his father. In his mid-30’s, Dr. House suffered an infarction in his leg…