Antibody

the innate immune system and represent a first line of defense against pathogens and tumor cells. Involved in immune surveillance, NK cells patrol the body looking for infected or cancerous cells. While other immune cells recognize the presence of antibodies on the MHC receptor of infected cells before a response is initiated, NK cells have the ability to respond to stressed cells in the absence of the MHC receptor, allowing a much faster immune response. The lack or downregulation of MHC…

B cells have cell-surface immunoglobulin molecules as receptors for antigen and, upon activation, secrete the immunoglobulin as soluble antibody that provides defense against pathogens in the extracellular spaces of the body. T cells have receptors that recognize peptide fragments of intracellular pathogens transported to the cell surface by the glycoproteins of the major histocompatibility…

NK-cells (natural killers) represent a heterogeneous lymphocytes population of innate immune system. They have a natural cytolytic activity, are capable of producing cytokines and chemokines and are involved in the antiviral and antitumor body control. In the quiescent state, an average diameter of NK-cell is about 8.7 microns, while in the moment of its activation it may increase its size up to 10-12 microns (Ferlazzo et al., 2004). This feature was the reason for the initial determination of…

substances such as bacteria and viruses that stimulate the immune systems to produced autoantibodies. When a T cell recognized antigens in body, it will produce cytokines that will cause B cells to multiply in number and release protein called antibodies. This antibodies will travel and circulate widely in the bloodstream of human bodies, recognizing the foreign particles and trigger inflammation to get rid the…

Numerous toxicants have some sought of an affect the human body. These come in a variety of ways, but in the process more often the most affected happens to be the respiratory, immune system, along with the liver. These are primary systems within the body that are vital in order for each of us function and survive. Therefore if by some chance these if any of these systems/organ manage to fail, the likely outcome would be that a person becomes very ill. While technology has come a long way, as…

Blood type or blood group refers the certain characteristics of an individual’s blood. The identification is made by the absence or presence of certain blood proteins called antigens as well as antibodies. Rhesus factor (or Rh factor) refers to certain proteins present on the surface of red blood cells. A person id Rh positive if the proteins are present and Rh negative if they’re absent (Thompson, 2015). Haemolysis refers to the obliteration of…

white blood cells that secure againist destructive substances in the body immune system. A few examples include bacteria, viruses, toxins, cancer cells, and blood and tissue from outside the body. When the immune system has been attack it produces antibodies that protect against anitgens, which empower it to obliterate these unsafe substances. At the point when the body is confronted with having an autoimmune disorders, the immune system does not recognize healthy tissue and antigens.…

Many people state the phrase “ I understand “ or “ Can’t you just do this?” when it comes down to listening to someone explaining their problems. My mother heard these phrases every single time she tried to explain her allergy. Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening generalized or systemic hypersensitivity reaction, which is characterized by being rapid in onset with life threatening circulatory problems. We could never truly understand someone’s experience unless you lived through it or are…

EIA Equids obtain different diseases and some have cures while others do not. Equine infectious anemia is one of those without a cure. Many studies have been conducted on this topic so more can be known about this disease. Most of this can be avoided when purchasing an equid for personal use by talking to the previous owner. Equids are any type of animal that has hooves and is related to the horse including donkeys and zebras. This paper takes a look at equine infectious anemia and will examine…

Using infliximab to treat Crohn’s disease Introduction Crohn’s disease is a type of IBD that causes inflammation in any part gastrointestinal tract from the mouth to the anus. In response to this inflammation, the body’s immune system attacks the GI tract (Dessein, 2008). The progression of this chronic inflammatory disease is brought about by the action of several cellular processes and pro-inflammatory mediators (Poggioli, 2007). Because there is no single factor that can be targeted to…