Antibody

A colorimetric 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT, Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Co.) assay was performed to measure the cell viability. Briefly, RAW 264.7 cells were treated with different concentrations of spermidine for 24 h or pretreated with spermidine for 1 h before stimulation with LPS for 24 h. After incubation, the medium was discarded, and MTT solution (5 mg/mL in phosphate-buffered saline, PBS) was added to each well and incubated for another 3 h at 37 °C. The…

Figure 3.1.2. Antibody titres of rabbit antisera. The antisera were collected from immunized rabbits and antibody titres measured by indirect ELISA as described under Methods (section 2.2.3.1). 3.1.2.1.3 Purification of α-LA, HRP and human erythrocyte specific polyclonal IgG The IgG fractions were purified from rabbit sera by ammonium sulphate precipitation followed by negative ion exchange chromatography employing DEAE-cellulose. The antisera were decomplemented, IgG fraction precipitated by…

malfunctioning immune system is high. These drugs are designed to reduce the activity of the immune system in its entirety, suppressing the lymphocytes so that the body is forced to stop attacking its own tissues. This will result in fewer autoantigen-antibody complexes, lessening the buildup of these immune complexes in the body’s tissues. Thus, there will be less inflammation and less damage to vital organs and…

disorders, a detailed patient history, identification of characteristic findings, and specialized tests in blood that reveal high levels of antibodies to the U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (anti-RNP) and high amounts of the antibodies ANA. Those who have mixed connective tissue disease such as systemic lupus erythematosus and systemic sclerosis disease lack the antibodies dsDNA and Scl70, respectively. The treatment of MCTD is based upon the specific signs that are present in each case.…

responds by making protein molecules called antibodies. These antibodies take on the task of fighting off the foreign invaders to protect against an infection. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), “A healthy individual can produce millions of antibodies a day, fighting infection so efficiently that people never know they were exposed to the antigen.” Sometimes the virus is to strong and the person gets sick, but the antibodies eliminate the disease preventing germ…

pernicious anemia is believed to be an autoimmune disease of genetic inheritance (Juncà 2006). Antibodies begin to defend the body from good, healthy tissue thought to be negative, foreign invaders is a simple definition of autoimmune…

Anaphylaxis; is a serious allergic reaction that can rapidly onset the body and may cause death (Wikipedia). The first time eat t0he upsetting food, your immune system responds by creating specific disease-fighting antibodies called immunoglobulin. When you eat the food again, the immunoglobulin antibodies spring into action, by discharging ample amounts of histamine in an effort to banish the "foreign trespasser" from your body. Histamine is a powerful chemical that can affect the respiratory…

Anaphylactic disorder is one of the end result of immediate (Type I) hypersensitivity reaction. It starts when antigen (bee sting as in the patient’s case) binds to IgE antibody on the surface of mast cells that result of systemic release of vasoactive amines and other mediators from mast cells. The presence of IgE antibody indicate that this is not the first exposure to this antigen. The mast cells have a specific receptor for the Fc portion of IgE called FceRI (a high-affinity receptor). When…

The immune system is incredibly intricate. The first barrier of the system is your skin. After entering the body, the bacteria doubles their number every twenty minutes. When they reach a certain population, bacteria will start damaging the body by changing the environment surrounding them, which triggers the immune system to counter the attack. Macrophages, Neutrophils, Dendritic cells, and T-cells all play crucial roles in saving the body from the bacteria. Macrophages have the ability to…

tissues. The CNS-reactive antibodies that may be present in the circulation are generally harmless to the host. Nevertheless, in the context of TBI and upon breakdown of the BBB under pathologic conditions, an autoantibody-mediated pathology may occur (1, 6). In post-CNS trauma, B-lymphocytes are assumed to contribute to part of the injury encountered in addition to the systemic disturbances (14) by releasing specific neural autoantibodies and several other systemic antibodies, such as serum…