Antibody

INTRODUCTION OF PUBLIC HEALTH CONCERN A designer drug is an analog of an illegal drug that has been modified structurally and/or functionally such that it can be sold in the US because the chemical structure of the substance no longer matches a known controlled substance (Wohlfarth 2010). People, especially teens, can purchase these “new psychoactive substances” (NPS) online and from friends, without an understanding of what they are actually taking. Deaths due to designer drugs happen, and…

The antibody screening test is the most common test taken to see if someone is HIV positive. This test looks for antibodies that the body makes against HIV, it is conducted in laboratory with a sample of blood or saliva. Blood, however is more efficient since the level of antibodies that appear are more than those in saliva. Another way to test for HIV is he rapid test where the blood or salvia…

toxins, and alcohol. Autoimmune hepatitis is a disease that occurs when your body creates antibodies against your liver (Healthline). Some symptoms of hepatitis can include fatigue, jaundice, loss of appetite, vomiting, diarrhea, dark urine, light-colored stools, and headache.…

It is that time of year again. The time where the leaves change color, the temperatures go down, and everyone gets sick. The cold and flu season has arrived and everyone is at risk. Germs and viruses are being spread and many try to take the proper precaution to avoid them. One group that is particularly at risk is infants and newborn babies. Since their immune system is still developing and it is not as effective as that of an adult, infants can get sick easily and take long to recover from it…

for the baby, but also the mother as well. One key point to start off with is that breast milk is known for being the best complete form of nutrition. Breast milk contains protein, vitamins, and fat for the baby. Breast milk also provides natural antibodies, which help your baby fight off many infections. Overall, breastfed babies are often less constipated and healthier than babies being formula fed. Now, did you know that there are even significant, substantial benefits for the mother…

First of all, breast milk provides more protection for infants than formula milk (3). Because infants' immune system is weaker than adults, infants need antibodies from their mothers' breast milk (4). Breast milk contains numerous amounts of antibodies, proteins that circulate in the body to provide protection (10). For example, IgA, which is an antibody that helps protect the lungs, throat, and intestines, is found in breast…

organ damage. Systemic lupus erythematous (SLE) previously a rare disease now seem to be relatively common in certain groups. SLE defined as chronic inflammatory and autoimmune disease where the immune system becomes overactive and starts making antibodies against its own cells. Chronic means the signs and symptoms tend to last longer than six weeks and often for many years whereas inflammation affect many different body systems that including the most important part either of your joint, skin,…

Hashimoto’s Disease, also known as Chronic Lympocytic Thyroiditis, is an autoimmune disease that attacks a person’s thyroid gland. It is a type of hypothyroidism that gradually leads to atrophy of the thyroid tissue. There are several signs and symptoms a person will experience when Hashimoto’s disease is present. Consulting a doctor is crucial for diagnosis and treatment of this disease for a positive prognosis. Though there is still a lot unknown about this disease, remission is possible and…

people, thru sex, shared needles, blood contact, and childbirth. There are different ways of testing for HIV/AIDS; HIV antibody test, HIV DUO test, P24 test, HIV-1 Proviral test, and home tests. The HIV antibody test looks for different antibodies that will show up when infected with HIV/AIDS, this test works almost immediately. The HIV DUO test looks for antibodies for both HIV-1 and HIV-2, this test will show a positive result within 4 weeks of contracting the infection. The P24 tests…

Bacteriophages PROS (Advantages) Phage therapy has a lot of advantages more than antibiotics [39]. First of all, phages have a broad antibacterial activity even against antibiotic resistance bacteria [124, 125, 126] like MRSA as phage can be used as sanitizing agent against hospital acquired infections like MRSA [86]. Also a phage (pVp-1) was able to overcome the resistant strain of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in experimentally infected mice [127]. Phages can lyse bacteria in the supurrative wounds…