Antibody

and mental retardation. The vaccine, administered via injection, contains the parts of Neisseria meningitides (which cannot cause infection but which encourages the body to fight the bacteria through building up antibodies (substances the body produces to fight disease). The antibodies combat the antigens (a toxin which induces…

Food sensitivities are a problem that affects 3 million people in the United States alone. The body's inability to process food properly can lead to issues that affect a person's day to day life. It's important for a person's physical and mental health that any possible food intolerances are diagnosed and managed swiftly. Luckily, diagnosing a food intolerance can be easy and painless. What is Food Sensitivity? A food intolerance occurs when a person's body has a hard time processing a…

Measles and Mumps and Rubella! Oh, My! Throughout the history of time in all parts of the world people have always been getting sick. One man began to wage war against these deadly viruses in 1796 with a vaccination against smallpox. Edward Jenner noticed that during this outbreak of smallpox the milkmaids were not getting sick. He then began to develop his miracle drug. His new vaccination consisted of a sample known as cowpox, an illness common to cows and milkmaids. Jenner injected his first…

believe that vaccines are an important and essential part of todays society because they are able to help your body to create antibodies to help you defend against the sickness, keep others from getting sicknesses in a local environment, and helping to quell outbreaks on a larger scale, country wise even. First, getting a vaccine will help your body to produce antibodies to help fight off future diseases in your body and sometimes even preventing them at all. This is done through a scientific…

Summary Hepatitis B Cause Article (11) Hepatitis B is caused by the hepatitis B virus that is spread through sexual contact or perinatal transmission (11). Adults with hepatitis b usually have it for a short time and then gets better, this is called acute hepatitis b (11). The virus can cause a long-term effect on individuals, called chronic hepatitis b (11). Having sex with an infected individual without the use of condoms is one way of being infected with hepatitis b, sharing needles with…

Measles or rubella, with the scientific name of Morbillivirus measles virus is a highly contagious viral infection of the respiratory system. The virus is spread by contact with an infected persons saliva or mucus (Healthline, 2015). A doctor in the 9th century published the first report of measles virus (CDC, 2014). Measles is the cause of 100, 000 fatalities each year worldwide, mainly affecting children (Mayo Clinic, 2015). With a long existence and immense death rates, measles is one of the…

there are many genes associated with it and due to one gene there was a dysfunctioning in B cells due to which antibodies accumulate and work against the healthy organ. B cells are present in white blood cells. In this disease due to abnormal accumulation of antibodies there was damage of Blood-Brain Barrier that protects the brain cells and separates it from the blood . The antibodies started accumulating against the blood brain barrier due to which there was a depletion in the barrier.…

It has been demonstrated that MUC1 (membrane bound mucin) often located on the outer portions of cells, serves as a preventive agent against Helicobacter pylori. MUC1 reduces gastric inflammation in H. pylori Infected tissue by forming a complex with IkB kinase gamma (IKKγ) in this way hindering the contact between IKKγ and IKKβ causing the prevention of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) transportation to the nucleus, in this manner preventing the transcription of genes that can cause inflammation…

How does lymphatic functions during good health and bad? The lymphatic system works to protect the body to stop it getting an infection or a virus it does this with the help of cells such as lymphocytes which travels in between the nodes through channels called lymphatic, which meet ducts that empty into blood vessels this is how the lymphocytes enter the blood. There are 3 types of lymphocytes; B-lymphocytes (B-cells), T-lymphocytes (T-cells), Natural killer (NK) cells each of these react…

After being incubated in a water bath at 37 degrees Celsius for 20 minutes, the 8 samples were centrifuged at 400 rpm for 5 minutes and collected for observations. Presence of a red pellet in the first 7 tubes, including control Test Tube 1 were noted, while the red pellet was absent in control Test tube 8. It must also be noted that the pellet became progressively smaller as each successive tube was examined, a result more noticeable after examination of Test tube 5, as seen in Figure 1. The…