Antibody

Antihistamine: Mechanism of action and classes Antihistamines are antagonist or inverse agonist of histamine receptors(HRs) which can help manage the symptoms associated with allergies. This research report aims to explore the mechanism of action and the classes of antihistamines. The report also attempts to answer the hypothesis that increased antihistamine levels will affect the immune function and the allergic response. Antihistamines counteract the action of histamines by binding to HRs…

The immune system in the human body protects people from infections, diseases, and other foreign substances from causing harm to the body with our first line of defense being our skin. Unfortunately, there are people negatively affected by disorders of the immune system either by environmental factors or genetics. There are immunodeficiencies where the body has the inability to defend against attacks. There is also autoimmunity, which is an overreaction of the immune system. A variety of…

Wound healing is active and complicated process that includes well developed and very controlled phases including hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. However, these phases can be compromised in some pathophysiological disorders. With healing process of the four phases and with proper care of the wound insures proper and rapid healing process. Some treatments can be as mild as ban-aid and others would have to use ointments, prescription medication, surgery depending on how…

5. How does Leishmania tropica evade the immune system? Leishmania tropica surface molecule glycoprotein 63 (gp36) is found throughout the parasite surface and has the potential to degrade immunoglobulins, complement factors, and lysosomal proteins (Olivier et al. 2005). Gp36 can cleave C3b into an inactivated form and C3bi will appear on the surface of the membrane and hinders the formation of C5 convertase (Gupta et al. 2013). It is also able to use C3bi to bind to complement receptor 3…

The main lesion in chronic schistosomiasis represents a complex delayed-type hypersensitivity response to sequestered living, dying or dead ova, that are trapped in tissues during the peri-intestinal migration or after embolization in the liver. Soluble egg antigen (SEA) and proteolytic enzymes released by ova provoke granulomatous cell-mediated immune response, with recruitment of eosinophils, granuloma formation and liver fibrosis (Cheever et al., 2000; Wynn et al., 2004). In schistosomiasis,…

Psoriasis is a skin condition that involves the immune system, resulting in inflammation, and has the characteristic appearance of silver scales that arise from increased proliferation of the keratinocytes in the epidermal layer [58, 59]. Psoriasis is typically treated with topical steroid medications or with vitamin D analogue medications such as calcipotriol as well as with moisturizing agents [58]. The treatment of psoriasis also includes systemic medications that suppress the immune system…

Church, Diana S., and Martin K. Church. "Pharmacology of Antihistamines." World Allergy Organization Journal. March 15, 2011. Accessed April 19, 2017. https://waojournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1939-4551-4-S3-S22. The main components of this article are the descriptions of first and second-generation antihistamines. This is fruitful information because my thesis needs further expansion on the statement about how antihistamines have specific targeted receptors throughout the body.…

Skin prick test: SPT is the most common allergy test performed in an allergy clinic by specially trained staff. SPT is a simple, safe and quick test, providing results within 15-20 minutes. pricking the skin with a needle or pin containing a small amount of the allergen.It is the primary mode of skin testing for immediate IgEmediated allergy. It is widely practiced, carries very low (but not negligible) risk of serious side effects to patients and provides high quality information when…

Multiple Sclerosis is a disease that is found in the Central Nervous System. The cause for the disease is still unknown, but there have been suggestions and theories that MS can come from genetic and environment factors that maybe involved. No cure has been found to eliminate the disease from a patient’s body, however there is treatment available to alleviate the immense pain of the symptoms and reduce the spread of the disease in the body. Dr. Sandeep Chhabra from the Monash Institute of…

Nursing 2050 Written Assignment: Nov 7, 2014 “Bladder Cancer drug BCG in short supply (Mellor, C. (2014, September 11)” read the headline of the Nova Scotia Chronicle Herald on Thursday, September 11, 2014. A manufacturing issue at Merck Canada Inc. in its North Carolina plant put a short supply to BCG (Bacillus Calmette-Guerin strain tice) sold under the name OncoTICE. “BCG is considered “gold standard” and mainstay for treating bladder cancer that has not invaded muscle tissue" as well…