Antibody

Hippocrates is considered the father of medicine, and it turns out the guy was right about a lot of things. For instance, he is known for having claimed that “All disease begins in the gut.” These words were spoken 2,500 years ago, and today’s scientists are just beginning to understand how right he was. As it turns out, poor gut health can absolutely hinder thyroid function and trigger autoimmune diseases such as Hashimoto’s disease. Leaky Gut and Autoimmune Response The human GI tract…

Introduction: Immunity is a complex system of study related to expelling pathogenic substances (viruses, bacteria, parasites) from the body. It is separated into two distinct categories: the innate immune system and the acquired immune system. The innate immune system is comprised of the body’s first line of defense which consist of physical barriers and certain cell types. The acquired immune system is more specific, actually focusing in on the individual pathogen in question. Focusing on…

There are many ways of getting sick such as airborne, touching someone. For a long time this is how people have gotten a cold or chicken pox. As medicine is readily available to aid in the recovery of an illness. Viruses can become resistant to medicine just as our bodies could resist to some sicknesses. In the book Biological Terrorism by Steve Goodwin and Randall W. Phillis they present a history of microorganism used to help cure diseases and misused by Medics, and biological warfare. To…

For over 55 years, humans have been flying in space. With an understanding of evolution, it has always been assumed that human bodies have adapted to the gravitational force found here on Earth. The space station and the shuttle that most NASA astronauts will stay in orbits 350 km above Earth, with a gravitational pull 90% stronger than it is on the ground (NASA Space Bones). Giancoli describes objects orbiting the Earth as feeling weightless because they are, in essence, free falling towards…

The KIR ligand incompatibility model, also known as the “ligand-ligand” model was first suggested by the Perugia group, and predicts NK alloreactivity in the GVHD direction when the recipient lacks expression of an iKIR ligand (figure 4a) 31-34. This seminal study demonstrated the first clinical evidence of the efficacy of adoptive immunotherapy via NK alloreactivity 31,32. Utilizing HLA-mismatched haploidentical donors, Ruggeri and colleagues evaluated ninety two patients with high risk…

In order to elaborate on lymphedema, you have to understand what part of the body it’s affecting, along with the system of the body it affects. Lymphedema affects the lymphatic system of the body, in which is associated/responsible for the immunity of the body to fight off infections or diseases. There are many parts of the body that make up the lymphatic system, and each play an important role. The lymphatic system is a network of tissues and organs that help rid the body of toxins, waste and…

Chronic inflammation is usually associated with accumulation of non-degradable substances, viral infection, and autoimmune disorders. In these situations, prolonged activation of immune cells can lead to tissue destruction, fibrosis, and uncontrolled angiogenesis. Despite the eyes are immune-privileged sites, deposition of inflammatory proteins in the drusen and observation of multiple types of immune cells in AMD eyes[9] indicate that this privilege is likely revoked. The immune-privileged of…

There are many theories that explain the damage that happens in DOMS at the cellular level. The most known explanation is the accumulation of lactic acid, but this was rejected because it was shown to be unrelated to DOMS. There is the muscle spasm theory that indicates that resting activation of the muscles caused spasm that compressed the vessels, hindering blood flow and increased the sensation of pain. The connective tissue states that there is a predominance of type II fibers that increase…

For the initial entry of the virus, the ephrinB2 domain is necessary. Once entered through micropinocytosis, protease cathespin L activates the virus (12). Nipah Virus can replicate very easily in human lung fibroblasts. It can infect the surrounding cells by either cell-to-cell spread or through release of infectious particles. When monocytes get infected, they can transmigrate through the blood brain barrier to infect the brain. This could be plausible if the monocytes were inefficient in…

Echinacea works by stimulating the immune system. Whereby antibiotics destroy both good and harmful bacteria Echinacea enables your body to deal with infections and viruses as they happen. Studies show that Echinacea stimulates phagocytosis, a process where white blood cells travel around the body hunting and attacking harmful micro organisms releasing chemicals and digesting them. White blood cells are a major component of the body's inbuilt quick response immune system. Echinacea increases the…