Antibody

What I found most interesting about this module was how antibodies of the IgE isotype can bind to Fc receptors on the surface of mast cells. Although this effect most likely evolved as a component of protection against helminthic parasites, it continues to play a substantial role in symptoms for allergy. Mast cell activation is not further addressed until module 8.2, but understanding how mast cell activation plays a prominent role in the immune system is vital to learning how to combat…

Homework 4 1. A. Hcd19Tg is Human CD-19-Transgenic mice overexpressing CD19 which is a B-lymphocyte antigen present on all B cells. It is a transgenic model of human gene CD-19 introduced into the mice for research studying the effect of CD19 related to B-cell related immunological response B. CD1dloCD5+ is a rare phenotype of Regulatory B cells found in spleen of normal and autoimmune mice producing IL-10 and hence also called the B10 cells. As this phenotype is identifies to regulate T cell…

Because there are many antigens that enter the body through the gastrointestinal tract, there must be a method by which the immune system is suppressed in order to prevent potentially harmful immune responses resulting from encountering these antigens. It is thought that intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) regulate innate and adaptive immune responses, and because there is one IEL per ten intestinal epithelial cells, suppression of the immune system occurs frequently in the gut – in particular,…

phagocytised, the macrophage presents the antigenic peptide to the T lymphocytes, by binding the peptides to the class II MHC molecules on their membrane surface. The T cells recognise the antigen and coordinate with the B cells to attack and produce antibodies (McKenzie and Klein 2000; Harding, Geuze…

Guillain-Barré Syndrome Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is not something that many people have dealt with or even heard of for that matter. According to the CDC, there is somewhere between 3,000-6,000 cases of GBS per year in the United States. That amounts to 1-2 people out of 100,000 per year (CDC, 2009). For me, Guillain-Barré syndrome is something that I have known about since I was eight years old. Not only was I aware that it existed, I thought it was going to take my dad away from me.…

The body’s immune system is a group of cells and tissues responsible to protect body from foreign organism like bacteria, viruses and fungi. Antibodies, one of the cells that recognize these foreign organism and will destroy them (Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine : The Gale Group, Inc., 2008). Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease that recognize the body’s own tissues as foreign invaders. Autoimmune disease is a disorder in which the immune system fights the body’s own cells…

Severe allergies are a challenging problem that can have a broad range of symptoms, reactions, and treatments. Not many people realize the severity of allergies. Allergies are an immune system reaction to allergens, such as food, insect stings, or pollen (Mayo). The normally harmless substances become allergens as the body’s immune system rejects it (Wright). This unwelcoming wave of symptoms is known as an allergic reaction. It is known that every three minutes, someone is sent to the emergency…

When I think of the body’s immune system, I think of the video game Pac-Man. Pac-Man gobbles up all the little dots in his way, our body works hard to gobble up germs in its way, much the same as Pac-Man. There are also enemies that try to attack Pac-Man and attempt to make him lose a life, in the same way, our body has to defend against viruses that try to attack it. In the game, you are successful if you are able to keep Pac-Man alive by gobbling up everything in its path before they attack…

The immune system The human body without some sort of protection system would not be able to endure the many pathogens than we come in contact with on a daily basis. That is why we have an immune system. What is the immune system and what are its functions? According to stanfordchildrens.org, the immune system is a complex network of cells and organs that protect the body from infections that may enter through what we come in contact with. This may not seem like a big role, but it is…

blood transfusions from convalescent patients, resulting in a 12.5 per cent case fatality rate among 8 patients, as opposed to almost 90 per cent overall case fatality rate for the virus. (Mupapa, p. s18) Another alternative is attempting to use antibodies to neutralize the Ebola virus. (Maruyama, p. S235) In the case of blood transfusion, it…