Angiotensin

Chronic Kidney Disease Management Chronic kidney disease is defined as a reduced glomerular filtration rate, increased urinary albumin excretion, or both. GFR< 60mL/min/1.73 m2 for > 3 months. Diabetes mellitus is the most common cause of chronic kidney disease. Markers of damage include abnormalities in the blood or urine tests or imaging studies. The level of GFR, which is accepted as the best measure of the kidney’s ability to filter blood allows for the expression of kidney function…

Urea and Electrolytes Blood Test Your kidneys are a pair of organs designed to maintain the fluid and electrolyte balance of the body. They also perform the important function of removing excess water and soluble wastes from the body to protect it from toxicity. To test the proper functioning of the kidneys, doctors often request for laboratory exams that include a urinalysis as well as urea and electrolytes blood test. Learn more about these tests and how they can help evaluate your kidney…

Marfan syndrome (MFS) is a genetic disorder which affects the connective tissue of the body. MFS is autosomal dominant, with “approximately seventy five percent of people” diagnosed with MFS having a parent that has the disorder. The other “twenty five percent” of people with MFS have developed this disease through new gene mutation (NIH. National Human Genome Research Institute). This disease is not specific to gender, race or region, and is potentially life threatening. MFS affects multiple…

Introduction Heart failure (HF) is a growing epidemic today as people are living longer with the diagnosis. In 2013, it was estimated that over 550,000 new cases of HF arise annually in the United States.1 Globally, the prevalence of HF is over 23 million.1 The American Heart Association defines heart failure as a syndrome resulting from “any structural or functional cardiac disorder that impairs the ability of the ventricle to fill or eject blood.” 1 In essence, the heart fails to meet the…

Nursing interventions for Mrs. J at the time of the admission The interventions for Mrs. J are starting of oxygen through nasal cannula because her O2 saturation is 82% and heart rate of 118/min to help in decreasing workload of the heart. She should be closely monitored and as mentioned in scenario patient is admitted to Telemetry unit because she need immediate and close monitoring. Stat EKG and EBGs should be done to find out baseline. Vital sign should be monitored closely including…

Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Isaac Anzaldua Norma Beardwood (Roper), MBA, M. Ed., RDN, LD, LPC, CEDS DIET 4252 August 31, 2015 Introduction Basic Overview Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus is a disease; which occurs through high blood concentrations as a byproduct of issues concerning insulin mechanisms. Individuals with this disease produce an inadequate amount of insulin. The primary defect is the pancreatic beta-cell destruction; usually leading to hyperglycemia, polyuria, polydipsia, weight loss,…

The patient was admitted into a small, rural hospital at 1900 for an ongoing complaint of unrelieved indigestion. The patient, 48 year old male has a history of and is presently involved with smoking. After admission into the hospital it is ruled out that the patient underwent a rule out myocardial infarction with further testing involving a cardiac catheterization to be done after admission upon a separate medical center. The patient also presents to the hospital with a history of a high-fat…

sharply to 130.3, before succumbing to death. Because the Furosemide only treats water retention, the heart is still weakened, and therefore still not pumping as efficiently as it could be, leaving Furosemide ineffective ("Furosemide", 2014). As Angiotensin II promotes sodium reabsorption, water follows the sodium, promoting water retention (Goodman, 1999). Due to the retention of water within the body, less leaves the body through the bladder. This causes a higher solute content within the…

the patient may be experiencing cardiogenic shock. Here the poor contractibility of cardiac muscle causes stoke volume (SV) and cardiac output (CO) to decline (Elliott, Aitken & Chaboyer, 2015). Secondly the compensatory mechanism triggers renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) which rises catecholamine production. This action escalates antidiuretic hormone (ADH) release, which increases cardiac afterload by vasoconstriction (Wagner & Hardin-Pierce, 2014). This increases pressure on walls…

the eyes. It can cause severe burns and blisters in its undiluted form. Use with caution during pregnancy. Co-administration of capsicum frutescens and theophylline may increase the level of theophylline. It may also cause coughing linked with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors. It is again contraindicated in those with hypersensitivity, women who are lactating and in children. References Berger A, Henderson M, Nadoolman W, Duffy V, Cooper D, Saberski L, Bartoshuk L. Oral capsaicin…