Angiotensin

Did you know hypertension (high blood pressure) is a relatively common and potentially life threatening disease in cats? This condition can be dangerous, and responsible for a variety of disorders that adversely affect a cat’s eyesight, kidney function, or cardiac function. Similar to humans, during the early phase of hypertension, your cat may show no outward clinical signs or changes to clue you in on the problem. Cats with advanced hypertension will typically exhibit problems associated with…

properly. Doctors usually treat heart failure with a combination of medications. Depending on you symptoms, the patient might have taken one or more medication. Some of the drugs that the doctor might want patient to take is Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, Angiotensin II receptor blockers, Beta-blockers, Diuretics, Aldosterone antagonists, inotropes and digoxin. The patient might need to take two or more medication to treat heart failure. The doctor may prescribe other hear…

Providing safe and effective health care relies on the registered nurses (RN) ability to make appropriate clinical decisions in all aspects of health care (Noon, 2014). Fluid and electrolyte imbalance is a serious and life threatening side effect, which is common in elderly patients with comorbidities (LeMone et al., 2011). The use of the clinical decision making cycle prevents adverse patient outcomes (LeMone et al., 2011). Clinical decision-making is defined as the ability to filter and…

relieving the symptoms and preventing chronic renal failure. An individual that has IgA nephropathy usually has high blood pressure. This can be monitored by two medications that help lower blood pressure and slow the disease, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) (NIDDK). IgA nephropathy is one of the most common diseases of the kidney and can happen at any age, even in children. It affects men more than women and resides more in Caucasians and…

is debatable, especially in patients who have extraneural involvement. Their use should be limited to cases where isolated CNS sarcoidosis is strongly suspected; and even then both tests lack sensitivity and specificity. Similarly, serum and CSF angiotensin converting enzyme levels should be interpreted with caution, as they can be affected by infection and/or malignancy. The mainstay of therapy remains systemic corticosteroids, although there lacks quality evidence from placebo-controlled…

Smoking has a large effect on all systems of the body. W.R, a 48 year old plumber has a 36- pack year smoking history. One of the major effects of smoking is atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is the hardening and narrowing of the blood vessels due to a fat and plaque buildup on the vessels. Some of the major risk factors for atherosclerosis include hypercholesterolemia, increasing age, sex- male being more prevalent than females, high blood cholesterol levels, cigarette smoking, obesity, and…

Hypertension- high blood pressure means that the systolic blood pressure is consistently over 140 (represent the pressure generate when the heat beat) and the diastolic blood pressure is consistently over 90 (represent the pressure in the vessels when the heart is at rest). Pre-hypertension will eventually lead to hypertension, those with a systolic pressure between 120 and 139, and a diastolic between 80 and 89 on multiple readings (“Hypertension,” n.d. ). This is a condition in which the force…

Antiemetics Overview: Antiemetics are used for nausea and to prevent vomiting and also used for motion sickness. These drugs can be bought over the counter. (OTC) Action: Dimenhydrenate or Dramamine is an antihistamine. It should be taken one hour before travelling, and will prevent motion sickness. The antihistamine is available in children’s liquid formula and in a Less Drowsy Formula that may have fewer sedative side effects. Meclizine hydrochloride (Bonine) treats vomiting and dizziness…

During exercise, there is an increase of blood flow and with coronary artheroclerios there tends to be impairment of coronary endothelial function. To improve the endothelial function, agents such as angiotensin converting-enzymes, B-hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme were used. In this study, 19 patients under the age of 70 participated. Patients that participated in the study were required to have a target vessel that had signs of endothelial disfunction…

G.S. is a very pleasant 83 year old white female admitted to the unit on 10/29/15 for congestive heart failure and shortness of breath. This is her second time being admitted within a week of discharge for the same diagnosis. G.S. is a widow who lives along at home. She has never smoked and does not drink alcohol. She is, however, a little on the obese side. Her niece is her power of attorney and she does have an advance directive. She has a family history of heart disease and hypertension, and…