Angiotensin-converting enzyme

Enzymes are substances produced by living organisms that act as catalysts to reduce the activation energy required for a chemical reaction. By lowering the activation energy, enzymes speed up the chemical reaction by providing an alternative action pathway (“Enzymes”). Enzymes are required in minute amounts because they remain unchanged after a reaction has occurred, so the same enzyme molecules can be reused over and over again. Since enzymes are proteins, they have active sites that speed up…

Discussion In this study, the Catechol enzyme was studied under the conditions of varying pH, temperature, substrate concentration, and enzyme concentration. In Figure 1, the data suggested that the trend was neither directly nor inversely proportional, but the highest activity rate was at 24°C. Most enzymes denatured at higher temperatures of approximately 40°C, which led to the inability to see any color change (Helms et al., 1998). At lower temperatures, the enzyme was somewhat efficient…

Introduction: The purpose of the tests (culture media, motility, enzymes, etc.) we preform on the numerous bacteria in lab is to show any biological or chemical characteristics of the bacteria that may help it survive or adapt in the wild, how it may be useful or hazardous to humans, and use as general knowledge to differentiate bacteria from each other. In the Culture Media test we can use solid and liquid media to grow multiple bacteria in lab. It can help us determine what processes the…

deprotonation of a serine residue, Zn(II) ion at M2 position then stimulates Ser102 to attack the phosphorus center of the substrate to initiate the leaving of an alcohol group and to form a phosphoseryl intermediate. This intermediate resembles E-Pi, an enzyme-phosphate complex, in Figure 2 and…

Enzymes and Metabolic Rates Introduction Enzymes are catalysts that speed up chemical reactions without being consumed or changed themselves. Each enzyme has a substrate that will match perfectly, almost as if it is a lock and key fit. If the substrate does not fit the enzyme only partial to no function will occur. Each enzyme is formed of polypeptide chains that wind and bend to form complex grooves and valleys. These grooves are the active sites. The active site is where the substrate will…

activity is restored significantly. Mangiferin regulates oxidative stress by (1) modulating Nrf2/antioxidant response element (ARE) detoxification pathway; (2) directly detoxifying reactive species such as ROS and RNS; (3) activating detoxification enzymes such as catalase. In addition, Mangiferin inhibits…

been caused by a liver dysfunction. According to Thepa (2007), serum bilirubin is elevated when there is an impairment in the excretion of conjugated bilirubin from hepatocytes of bile ducts. The results also showed elevation of two of the liver’s enzymes, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), these elevation could be caused by impaired liver function (Pratt et al, 2000). Mariana’s serum ALT levels is higher than the serum AST which could be caused by a form of…

ABSTRACT To examine the enzyme kinetics of chymotrypsin during the catalysis of the synthetic substrate p-nitrophenyl acetate (NPA). Initially, observe the magnitude of the initial burst with regards to the enzyme concentration. Secondly, the analysis of the steady state deacylation rate with regards to the pH of the reaction mixture. Chymotrypsin catalysis is a process that proceeds with two steps, an initial fast step involving the covalent modification of the enzyme to the substrate and the…

II. Introduction An enzyme is a specific type of macromolecule known as a catalyst, that accelerates the rate of chemical reactions by taking part in the reaction without being consumed (Wilson, et al 2015). Enzymes participate in these reactions inside the cell and decrease the activation energy required to begin the reaction. These catalytic agents bind to substrates that are changed into products. A component of the enzyme that is responsible for binding to substrate or the reactant is…

Experiment #6: Polarimetry Resolution of (∓)-Racemate: (∓)-ɑ-Phenylethylamine OBJECTIVE All chiral molecules have a mirror image of themselves. While they have the same physical properties, they interact with other chiral molecules completely different. Since there are many chiral molecules in organics, this can lead to the need to make optically pure products. If the chemist does not, it can lead to many problems including death. In this experiment, the separation of two enantiomers was…