Angiotensin-converting enzyme

Homeostasis is a controlled state in which the body is able to function optimally. An equilibrium of the body’s physiological mechanisms are maintained and kept under control, if the equilibrium is lost it can be fatal for an individual. (Waugh, Grant, 2014) In order to maintain a balanced internal environment the body is required to adjust when needed to, this is known as homeostatic regulation. A cluster of cells with the hypothalamus is known as the control centre; this sets the limits at…

To determine the effect of the proximity of the dam on fish distributions downstream, I will collect data at three locations along the Monongahela River, moving downstream from the dam (Site 1, Site 2, and Site 3 in Figure 1.A). I will repeat this two times on two different days of similar weather patterns for a total of $110 in anticipated costs. At each site, I will collect a variety of variables. For starters, I will collect an indication of water clarity using a secchi disk at each site for…

Purpose This lab’s purpose was to experiment how much of a syrup solution would seep through a dialysis bag at different temperatures. Procedure We prepared by filling up three dialysis bags with about 100 mL of a syrup solution. We tied knots on either end and measured the initial mass of the bags. The bags were measured in grams. Then we added water to three different beakers, each being a different temperature. One beaker was room temperature, another was heated to about body temperature…

Fig. 1. Various nuclear changes of erythrocyte in the blood smears of fish treated with sub-lethal concentrations of profenofos such as (a) control (regular cell), (b) micronucleus, (c) bi-nucleus, (d) degenerated nucleus, (e) notched nucleus, (f) nuclear bridge, and (g) nuclear bud. Two groups of fish were exposed to 10% and 50% of LC50 of profenofos for 7, 15, and 30 days, while third group treated as control (0% profenofos). Three slides were prepared for each fish and 2000 cells were scored…

In non-competitive allosteric inhibition, inhibitor molecules bind to an enzyme at the allosteric site. Their binding induces a conformational change that reduces the affinity of the enzyme's active site for its substrate. The binding of this allosteric inhibitor changes the conformation of the enzyme and its active site, so the substrate is not able to bind. This prevents the enzyme from lowering the activation energy of the reaction, and the reaction rate is reduced. However, allosteric…

As a result, lactose is a competitive inhibitor. In the presence of the inhibitor, the slope of the Lineweaver-Burk plot becomes the equation below. Using equation 7 along with the Km and the Vmax from series A, the Ki of Series B and C were calculated. The concentration of inhibitor for 50mM lactose was found to be 35714 μM using equation 1. Similar to the substrate concentration, the inhibitor concentration can be found using the same equation, but substituting in the inhibitor molar…

Francisella tularensis is a bacterium that has been recognized to be an agent responsible for the disease known as tularemia. This disease, in essence, sends the immune system of the organism into a hyperactive state, sometimes referred to as hypercytokinemia due to the elevated levels of various cytokines, which if not treated properly could lead to extremely high fevers, inflammation of various tissues, and (if contracted through aerosol form) the death of the infected organism. Specifically,…

In this experiment, 25 g of solid sodium acetate trihydrate was added into a large beaker. The solid was then heat for 5 minutes, where liquid formed. 6.3 mL of water and a pinch of red dye was poured into the beaker while heated for 2 additional minutes. The solution was then cooled in an ice bath for 30 minutes. The solid-liquid product was then finally poured on a pinch of sodium acetate trihydrate crystal seeds to form ethanoic anhydride. This experiment was ultimately conducted in order to…

Queso Fresco Lab Report 1) The first step to making Queso Fresco is to mix 2 cups of cultured buttermilk with 4 cups pasteurized whole milk. Next, heat the milk to 90°F and prepare the Junket Rennet while the milk is heating. To prepare the Junket Rennet place 1 tablet into ½ cup cold tap water until dissolved. Once the milk is 90ºF, add the dissolved Junket Rennet mixture. Mix the milk and Rennet together for about 10-20 seconds and then take the mixture off of the heat. The next step is to…

it will result in faster rates of enzyme activity. Therefore, if the opposite were to occur, then the reaction will slow down and not function properly. For concentration, my hypothesis was proved to be correct. The undiluted solution had higher frequencies of collision at the active site of the enzyme and substrate. Which means the percent of amylose as well as absorbance level was higher compared to the diluted samples. The result on the effect of pH on enzyme activity prove my hypothesis to…