Angiogenesis

Skin A third-degree skin burn extends through the entire epidermis, dermis and hypodermis, but leaves the underlying muscle and bone tissue in a functional state. Skin is made up of three layers: the epidermis, dermis and hypodermis. The epidermis is ectodermal in origin. It is relatively void of ECM except for the basal membrane and has a distinctive keratinized layer produced by keratinocytes. Other artifacts of the epidermis include melanocytes, hair follicles, sebaceous glands, and sweat…

This article provides background information on chronic liver disease and states that it can be caused by many things, including alcohol abuse, chronic viral hepatitis, and metabolic factors. Over time, fibrotic tissue develops and without treatment, causes chronic injury and becomes fibrotic. Fibrosis then impairs the normal oxygenation and vasculature to the liver tissue. The author states that according to a large study, cirrhosis is the fourth leading cause of death due to non-communicable…

While most accept that cancer is a disease rooted in genetic change, there is little consensus among the scientific community regarding the contributions of extrinsic factors and sheer bad luck. Many contend that cancer is solely attributable to bad luck, but if cancer is a game of probability – a gamble – then there are ways to tip the odds. In particular, risk-heightening behaviors such as cigarette smoking, alcohol use, and consuming a diet rich in red meat significantly increase the chances…

Hypertension is the most common medical disorder in pregnancy ranging from 12% to 22%, and is directly responsible for 17.6% of maternal deaths in the United States (Davidson, 2012, p. 461). Hypertension in pregnancy is classified into four groups: preeclampsia-eclampsia, chronic hypertension, chronic hypertension with superimposed eclampsia, and gestational hypertension. The most common type of hypertensive disorder in pregnancy is preeclampsia. Preeclampsia is a syndrome that affects…

proliferation with great invasive potential as well as refractory to present treatments due to suppression of pro-apoptotic pathways (Karmakar et al., 2007). Such factors up-regulated in cancer involve cell proliferation, cell invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis, and resistance to chemo and radiotherapy (Kunnumakkara et al., 2008). Treatments for glioblastoma include chemotherapy, surgery, and radiotherapy, yet survival rates with these treatments remain small. To improve the prognosis…

1.7 III (b) VEGF: VEGF is also known as vascular permeability factor (VPF) is an endothelial cell specific mitogen in in vitro and is the main factor responsible for vasculogenesis and angiogenesis in a variety of in vivo models. The gene transcripts level of VEGF is stimulated at the time of implantation because process of implantation occurs under hypoxic condition. In rodents, VEGF is involved during embryo–endometrium crosstalk by regulating endothelial cell proliferation and vascular…

Hypothalamic programming of systemic ageing involving IKK-b, NF-kB and GnRH (Zhang et al., 2013). Cellular senescence is when a cell’s replicative mechanism becomes arrested. This was phenomenon was first described in Hayflick’s experiment. Cellular senescence is usually due to protect the cell from becoming cancerous but it also plays a prominent role in aging (van Deursen, 2014). While senescence describes a halt in proliferation, cancer development is the uncontrolled proliferation of…

specifically Urtica dioca (0.06 mg/ml),Vitis vinifera (0.08 mg/ml), Glycyrrhiza glabra (0.07 mg/ml), Alpinia vinifera officinarum (0.07 mg/ml) and Thymus vulgaris (0.05 mg/ml). Each of these constituents has some effect on the endothelium, blood cells, angiogenesis, cellular proliferations, vascular dynamics, and cell mediators [12]. Feracrylum is a water-soluble mixture of incomplete ferrous salt of polyacrylic acid containing 0.05 to 0.5% of iron in combination with the pharmaceutical solvent…

Vascular anomalies are a serious medical condition that affect blood vessel formation in as many as 1 in 10 people (Richter and Suen 2015). Vascular anomalies can be divided into two broad categories: vascular tumors and vascular malformations (Richter and Suen 2015). Vascular tumors, also known as hemangiomas, are characterized by rapid growth with most undergoing involution once the patient has reached a certain age (Richter and Suen 2015). On the other hand, vascular malformations are…

Coronary artery disease is a potentially fatal and serious disease that affects the lives of many people all over the world. This disease is the most common form of cardiovascular disease in the United States. There is a serious financial impact on the population due to the prevalence and the severity of the disease. While there is no current cure to the disease, it is preventable. There currently are ways to treat coronary artery disease through lifestyle changes, pharmacotherapy, and surgery…