Angiogenesis

different organs and they are broadly grouped under the category of carcinoma, sarcoma, lymphoma or leukemia based on the type of tissue origin. common striking features of all types of cancer is uncontrolled cell proliferation, antiapoptosis, enhanced angiogenesis, genomic instability and metastasis. 4 The broad range of devastating characteristics of the cancer makes it a very good therapeutic target for designing the small molecules. In cancer drug discovery programme, researchers have…

Ovarian cancer (OC) is the fifth-leading cause of deaths relating to cancer, with less than half of all patients surviving for more than 5 years following diagnosis. It affects women of all ages, most commonly diagnosed after menopause and aged between 55-65 years, 75% of whom are diagnosed at an advanced stage of the disease. Risk factors include age, hormone therapy, and most notably genetic syndromes, such as BRCA1 mutations which are involved in 10% of OC cases. This essay will present the…

Robertson, Todd A. Williams, Anne H. Schmieder, Grace Hu, John S. Allen, Elizabeth K. Lacy, Huiying Zhang, Samuel A. Wickline, Gregory M. Lanza, 2006, Endothelial ανβ3 Integrin–Targeted Fumagillin Nanoparticles Inhibit Angiogenesis in Atherosclerosis: Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology, v. 26, p. 26: 2103-2109. Thomas, A. C., 2012, Targeted Treatments for Research Notices, v.…

makes its own blood supply which allows it to invade normal brain tissue. The cancer is highly malignant and is proto-oncogene. It’s characterized by uncontrolled cellular proliferation, diffuse infiltration, tendency for necrosis, significant angiogenesis, intense resistance to apoptosis, and widespread genomic aberrations. The tumor arises from the astrocytes which are star shaped cells that make up the brains supportive tissue. As a result of the cancer spreading through the brain tissue so…

53-kilodalton (kDa). The location of the TP53 gene is at chromosome 17, at position 13.1. [11]. TP53 has 393 amino acids. TP53 has many important functions in the body. These functions play a role in genomic stability, apoptosis, and inhibition of angiogenesis. TP53 can be active and will respond to the exposure of toxic metals,…

Russian athletes were caught abusing HIF activators.22Normally, the HIF pathway is activated upon hypoxic conditions. Thus, the end result would be to stimulate EPO synthesis in order to restore the normal oxygen levels in the blood and to enhance angiogenesis. Giving exogenous HIF activators can imitate hypoxic conditions which leads to the…

Cancer, Lysosomes, and Treatment Cancer is one of the most leading causes of death across the world. Several therapies exist to fight cancer. They include surgery, radiation therapy, stem cell transplant, targeted therapy, hormone therapy, and immunotherapy. One common therapy many chose is chemotherapy. Chemotherapy is cancer treatment using one or more anti-cancer medications that are given as a standardized regimen. There are several types of chemotherapy medications. Alkylating agents attack…

Kidney Cancer In 2016, about 1,685,210 people will receive the message that no one wants to receive. They will be given the horrifying message “You have cancer.” Cancer is caused by the inability of a cell to stop dividing in the cell cycle. This causes the cells to be mutated and abnormal. Then, they can form solid malignant tumors, which can be anywhere in the body. Out of those 1,685,210 unfortunate people diagnosed with cancer, about 62,700 of them will be diagnosed with kidney cancer.…

The World Health Organization (2016) has defined cancer as a term used to describe a large group of diseases which may affect any body parts including the brain, lung, bone, lymph node, and liver. By nature, our body controls the creation, growth, and death of cells. Cancer begins when cells do not die in a normal state (Susan G. Komen Breast Cancer Foundation, Inc. , 2016) and when the abnormal cells are created rapidly and divide in an uncontrolled way. These excess cells then grow and form a…

ABSTRACT Diabetic retinopathy (DR) remains a major complication of diabetes and the leading cause of blindness among adults worldwide. DR is a progressive disease affecting both type I and type II diabetic patients at any stage of the disease, and targets the macrovascular and microvascular systems of the retina. DR results from multiple biochemical, molecular and pathophysiological changes to the retinal vasculature which affect both microcirculatory functions and ultimately photoreceptor…