Androgen insensitivity syndrome

Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome: Sex and Genetics When an individual is born they are usually given a gender of either male of female depending on their genitals and continue to develop that way throughout their life. For some people, their gender is not so easily decided for them. There have been several cases where individuals have been born with both parts or have developed both sexual parts as they grew up. At an early age certain individuals have to choose what to identify as due to a genetic defect known as androgen insensitivity syndrome. “Androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS) is a condition that affects sexual development before birth and during puberty” (Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome 2008). AIS is known by several names this includes…

Analysis of Hines et al 2003 Study on CAIS Complete Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome is a disorder that comes from defects in the androgen receptor gene (Hines, et al 2003). This causes the external genitalia to be female at birth with underdeveloped internal genitalia (Hines, Ahmed, Hughes 93). Since the genitalia are female appear female, most people with this disorder are pronounce female at birth and are thus raised as females. In fact, people with this disorder are more feminine at puberty…

Persons with this syndrome develop testes that produce normal or above normal male quantities of testosterone, but they lack androgen receptor sites to bind to the hormone in a normal way. The degree to which the syndrome is manifested depends on the quality and quantity of the available receptor sites. In the most extreme cases (called complete androgen insensitivity), affected children appear to be females, and are reared as such. At puberty, all of the usual secondary feminine sex…

CAH is on the opposite end of the spectrum from AIS. To explain CAD ” People have 2 adrenal glands. One is located on top of each of their kidneys. These glands make hormones, such as cortisol and aldosterone, that are essential for life. People with congenital adrenal hyperplasia lack an enzyme the adrenal gland needs to make the hormones. At the same time, the body produces more androgen, a type of male sex hormone. This causes male characteristics to appear early (or inappropriately).”…

pseudohermaphroditism- condition in which a female develops characteristics associated with male hormones androgens, or when a newborn has characteristics of male hormone exposure). Possible causes include: congenital adrenal hyperplasia, male hormones taken or encountered during pregnancy, male hormone-producing tumors in the mother, deficiency of aromatase enzyme, converting male hormones to female hormones, and might not noticeable until puberty. During that time, XX children, raised as…

The two intersex conditions of congenital adrenal hyperplasia comprise people being born with reproductive anatomy that doesn’t correspond to their gender and often associated with genetic mutations. Another intersex condition of congenital adrenal hyperplasia includes issues that affect the adrenal glands. The adrenal glands are known to produce a large amount of hormones that regulate different functions within the human body. It can also cause ambiguous genitalia and abnormal pubertal…

Semenaya, Dutee Chand a 2013 bronze winner at the Asian Games, all have something in common. They were and are subjects to sex/gender verification in sports. In 1968 the IOC started "gender verification" testing because of Dora/Heinrich Ratjen. Dora, now known as Heinrich, was a man who passed for a woman at the Olympics as a high jumper. He grew up acting, dressing, and doing everything like a girl but his chromosomes said otherwise, which lead to “sex/gender verification”. Maria Jose…

Many are unaware of their condition and are typically fertile. Also associated with Jacob’s syndrome are learning disabilities, delayed speech and language skills and delayed motor skills. Then there a condition where an extra X is present instead of a Y and it is called Klinefelter Syndrome; a sex chromosomal anomaly that is male phenotypical and is caused by two or more X chromosomes with results in abnormal development of testis, which leads to hypogonadism and infertility. Individuals are…

individuals can generally differentiate between two genders. This is based on the two genders that are chosen at birth. But, sometimes at birth, the choice is not as simple as testes, chromosomes, or genitalia. According to the Intersex Society of North America on the number of births of Intersex individuals, “ the number comes out to about 1 in 1500 to 1 in 2000 births.” (1) That is one person who can’t be categorized as female or male. The way you decide what their gender is by gender…

Growing up Intersex My name is Elizabeth Jennings; I am 22 years old and I am intersex. When I was twelve years old I was diagnosed with Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome (AIS). The Genetics Home Reference describes Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome as a condition that affects sexual development before you are born and during puberty. I was born with a XY chromosome instead of XX chromosome, which caused me to have my male parts removed when I was nineteen. I still developed looking and feeling as a…