Analgesic

an increased risk of hypercalcaemia, fractures and in some cases metastatic spinal cord compression, all of which compromise the patient's functional status, quality of life, and survival. Clinicians should utilise the World Health Organization analgesic ladder (1986), alongside considering adjuvant therapies such as bisphosphonates and radiotherapy which are the mainstay of current treatment. Radiotherapy is offered as a treatment to patients with localised bone pain, this is usually offered…

energy. Hence they legalized and taxed the leaves. The cocaine alkaloid was first isolated by German chemist Friedrich Gaedcke in 1855. Medical uses In 1879, Vassili von Anrep demonstrated that cocaine has analgesic properties. In 1884, Karl Koller demonstrated that cocaine can be used as an analgesic for ophthalmic purposes, such as eye surgery. In 1898, Heinrich Quincke used cocaine for spinal anaesthesia. The invention of Coca Cola…

selectivity allows for uses as local anaesthetic, analgesic, anti-arrhythmic and anti-epileptic drugs.…

The Community Nursing (3QQ3) course has been an eye opening journey for me in to the world of community nursing. At the start of the initial course doing the practice tools I was quite apprehensive and had no idea what to expect. It was hard in the early few weeks to see how this course would evolve. But, as I became oriented and more familiar with the community the bigger picture began to form. Indeed, the windshield survey was a great tool to assess our community. This was an assessment unlike…

What is meant by the placebo effect when it comes to pain medication is that the analgesic effects of “medications” that are in fact not medications at all but are still suggested to be possibly effective (the study states in double blind studies that the suggestion of a placebo effect doesn’t mitigate the effect) can be attributed to the action of endorphins in the brain. So, in simpler terms, placebo effect is an endogenous mechanism of analgesia driven by endorphin action. What are some…

Aspirin is produced from the reaction of Salicylic Acid and Acetic Anhydride. Aspririn is a analgesic and antipyretic. The purpose of this experiment is to produce aspirin and analyzing it for yield. Twenty grams of salicylic acid, molecular weight 138.1g/mol, 5.0 mL of acetic anhydride, molecular weight 102.1g/mol and density 1.08g/mL, and 5 drops of concentrated sulfuric acid were mixed in a 125mL flask. The mixture was heated in a 70°C hot water bath then taken out to cool to room…

the long term effects of cannabis, over two-thirds of the 1,500 doctors involved in a U.S. nationwide survey support the provision of medical marijuana as an option for patients, having frequently been cited in various clinical studies as a potent analgesic and anti-epileptic (WebMD, 2014). The Misuse of Drugs Regulations 2001 classifies cannabis as a schedule I drug in the UK alongside lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), stating it has no known therapeutic value and high potential for abuse.…

pain assessment, which shows a high positive correlation with other behavioural pain assessment methods during post-surgical procedures and analgesic…

In this experiment, thin-layer chromatography was used to identify the ingredients of an unknown analgesic drug. Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) is a method of chromatography that utilizes a solid stationary phase and a liquid solvent as a mobile phase. The stationary phase is generally performed on a sheet of plastic, glass, or aluminum, with a thin…

treating patients. It is important to recognise that pain is ‘an intensely personal experience with biological, psychological and social components’, which is entirely subjective to the person who experiences it. Despite the development of “novel analgesics and updated pain guidelines”, recent studies emphasize that many cancer pains remain undermanaged. Inadequate pain management can be attributed to patient-related barriers to cancer pain management and it has been well documented by medical…