Amyloid

characterized by a progressive loss of cognitive function, and is associated with the accumulation of amyloid-B (AB) protein and hyperphosphorylated tau in the brain. Although the exact pathogenesis of AD is still uncertain, several hypotheses have been proposed to explain the mechanisms behind the cognitive deficits that are seen in AD. The amyloid cascade hypothesis, which asserts that amyloid precursor protein (APP) proteolysis results in the accumulation of AB peptides that aggregate to form…

to stop beta-amyloid from clumping into plaques and also clear beta-amyloid from the brain. Research is being done with a monoclonal antibody called solanezumab and so far it seems to be effective. It seemed to be more effective when it was given earlier in the course of the disease like patients with mild Alzheimer’s (Alzheimer’s Treatments: What’s on the Horizon?). Drugs called beta-secretase and gamma-secretase inhibitors are working toward stopping the production of beta-amyloid as well…

Virchow-Robin (VR) spaces or perivascular spaces of the brain refer to spaces that accompany the cerebral vessels as they pass from subarachnoid space into the brain parenchyma. A few evident perivascular spaces can be considered normal at any age but many visible perivascular spaces are not. The relevance of visible perivascular spaces to SVD is shown by their presence in increased numbers in patients with white matter hyper-intensities and with symptomatic lacunar ischemic stroke. The…

cognition, decision-making, and thinking. These two affected areas lead to the characteristic symptoms of memory loss as well as cognitive and behavioral problems respectively. Amyloid plaques or senile plaques, and neurofibrillary tangles, are the hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (Hanin et al. 217; Perry 97). The development of amyloid plaques in the hippocampus is one of the most significant brain changes associated with Alzheimer's disease. The hippocampus' main function is encoding as well…

made up of another protein are known as tangles. In the areas where tangles are formed nutrients and other necessities can no longer move through the cells. This causes a build up of a protein, beta-amyloid, between nerve cells known as plaques. . (Alzheimer’s Disease Genetics) These clumps of beta-amyloid block communication amongst other cells sometimes leading to inflammation of the brain. The tangles consist of a protein called tau. Tau allows food molecules to travel along “tracks”.…

Alzheimer’s disease is a brain disorder disease that gradually the patient’s mental abilities are analyzed. The most obvious manifestation of dementia is memory disorder. Memory impairment often gradually created and progresses. At first, memory impairment and learning to recent events is limited but old memories are gradually damaged as well. For example a patient answers a question and if someone asked that question a few moments after she can’t answer it. The patient lost his personal staff…

the early onset disease has a 50% inheritance pattern, where, indirectly pathogenic gene mutations lead into development of AD. The genes presenilin 1 on chromosome 14, presenilin 2 mutation on chromosome 1 and the rarer form, abnormalities of the amyloid precursor protein gene (APP) on chromosome 21 genes (Alzheimer’s Australia,…

Alzheimer’s Disease is one of many forms of dementia, and is the most common form (Orimaye 1). What Alzheimer’s Disease does to a person is that they start to have progressive cognitive decline like losing memory and degeneration of reasoning ability (Cai 1). To be diagnosed with Alzheimer’s Disease, a person has to go through extensive neurophysical examinations by using a lot of cognitive tests that have a series of questions and images. There is a maximum score of thirty for the test, and if…

mutations on chromosomes 21, 14, and 1 (Disease Genetics). These mutations cause formation of abnormal proteins which eventually can lead to the plaques and tangles that form in the brain. Mutations on chromosome 21 cause the formation of abnormal amyloid precursor protein, or APP (Disease Genetics). Normal APP plays an essential role in neural growth and repair. Abnormal APP, on the other hand, destroys nerve…

A., Jeppson, J. D., & Soriano, S. (2014). Moving beyond anti-amyloid therapy for the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease. BMC Neurology,14(1), 2-11. doi:10.1186/s12883-014-0169-0 Clodomiro, A., Gareri, P., Puccio, G., Frangipane, F., Lacava, R., Castagna, A., & ... Bruni, A. (2013). Somatic comorbidities…