Other than the cerebral cortex, there are different areas of the human brain that make strides during the individual’s early years and adolescence. All these changes involve the creation of links among various parts of the brain, which increase the coordinated functions of the central nervous system. Toward the base and rear of the brain we find the cerebellum, which is a structure that aids in the control of body movement and balance. The fibers which link the cerebellum to the cerebral…
finding a strong interaction between the auditory cortex, which processes sound, and the amygdala. If you’re familiar with the amygdala, you know it’s part of the limbic system, [pic: BruceBlaus] the region of the brain that generates memories and emotions, including the amygdala’s specialties -- fear, anger, and negative reactions. The images suggest that when we hear these cringe-worthy noises, the amygdala influences the auditory cortex’s response, heightening activity and touching off a…
When there is a stimulus, such as a sound or movement, your brain sends sensory data to the thalamus. The thalamus, not knowing if itś dangerous or not, sends the information to the amygdala. The amygdala receives the information and takes action to protect you, resulting in fight-or-flight. The long process transports the information from the stimulus to the thalamus. The thalamus then takes this information to the sensory cortex, where it…
tubercle, prefrontal cortex, amygdala, and hippocampus (Roseberry, Stuhrman et al. 2015). The mesostriatal dopamine system has dopamine neurons located in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) of the midbrain, that project to the dorsal striatum (Roseberry, Stuhrman et al. 2015). The mesostiatal system plays a role in motor coordination and movement (Roseberry, Stuhrman et al. 2015). The lateral hypothalamus, rostromedial tegmental nucleus, ventral pallidum, amygdala, and laterodorsal…
hippocampal and anterior cingulate volumes, increased amygdala function, and decreased medial prefrontal cingulate function. “In addition, patients with PTSD show increased cortisol and norepinephrine responses to stress.” ( ) Sadly, this can be a lifelong problem for some people. “Throughout the brain several chemical and biological imbalances can present after trauma.” ( ) These imbalances include the overstimulated amygdala, underactive hippocampus, and ineffective…
Homeostasis is the way the body regulates its internal environment and our eating behaviour is an example of the equilibrium created through homeostasis. The way it does this is through the dual centre theory of feeding behaviour; when there is a decrease in blood glucose and an increase in ghrelin they lateral hypothalamus is activated causing hunger and eating to begin. Eating causes an increase in blood glucose levels and a decrease in ghrelin activating the hypothalamus causing satiety.…
The cognitive level of analysis is basically the way psychology study the way the brain processes cognitive mechanisms, such as perception, thinking, problem solving, memory, language and attention. Cognition refers to the mental representation of the world of and individual, the way it receives and processes the information. Cognitive processes such as emotions have been studied in terms of cognitive and biological factors. On the other hand, physiology is know for being the biological…
memory. This could be through the potentiation of vHPC inputs to vmPFC (Sierra-Mercado et al., 2010). This study did not differentiate the role of the vHPC in the extinction of context versus tone fears. Furthermore, it was found that the basolateral amygdala (BLA) was necessary for extinction of fear memory. Thus, it was established that the inactivation of BLA leads to impaired recollection extinction memory and reduces fear expression (Sierra-Mercado et al.,…
the adrenal glands and the brain. Norepinephrine makes a person more aware and awake, shifts blood flow, and is the backup system for adrenaline. Lastly, is the hormone cortisol, which takes more time to be released into the bloodstream. First the amygdala has to recognize the threat, then a series of hormones released causes the adrenal glands to start the production of cortisol…
receive primary afferent fibers in the dorsal horn. Projections from laminae I and V continue ventrally through the spinothalamic tract (STT) to the thalamus. The spinobulbar pathway receives input from the STT and continues to the hypothalamus, amygdala, periaqueductal gray…