Amphetamine

MDMA is the abbreviation of 3,4-methylenedioxy-methamphetamine. It is a powerful amphetamine class stimulant. MDMA is commonly used to make Ecstasy and also main ingredient of Ecstasy. In North America and Europe, it is commonly called Ecstasy, Mandy, Molly, etc. In China, ecstasy has a nickname: Yaotou pill. Yaotou is Mandarin and means shake one’s head. Because Ecstasy is initially popular in the nightclub. Ecstasy dependent user will shake his head lightly without music and feel sleepy…

A recovery model is mental health services in Australia and it has a holistic approach that goes beyond merely treating the symptoms of the patients, based on the fact that people can do and do recover from illness and it may involve dealing with internalised and external stigma and discrimination (REF). According to Hungerford (2015) principles of recovery is to give the person meaning, purpose and respect. presenting hope, optimism, individual strengths and wellness of the patient helping to…

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder is a disorder often referred to as”ADHD.” This is a neurodevelopmental disorder mostly found in children. ADHD is more common in males than females and can last up until adulthood. There are three types of ADHD and they are: hyperactivity, inattentive, and impulsivity. In this informative essay first the symptoms will be discussed. Then there will be the causes. Also after that will be the treatments. Therefore…

In professional sport, the past 15 years have been corrupted by our athlete's use of performance enhancing drugs or also known as doping. The competition has become so severe that it is now more common for athletes to ingest PED's in order to gain an advantage over their competitors without worrying about the effect the drug could possible have on the body of their body or the influence it has on younger generations. Steroids, the most prevalent used performance-enhancing drug, are an artificial…

oxygen or carbon dioxide in the blood • shock or fever • cold and cough medications, herbal supplements, and nutritional supplements • beta-blockers, asthma inhalers, decongestants and other pharmaceuticals • illegal stimulants such as cocaine and amphetamines • heart disease, arrhythmias and abnormal heart valves (Raviele, 2011) Heart palpitations can be indicators of an illness if they are accompanied by an arrhythmia, heart disease, heart disease risk factors or a defective heart valve and…

Drugs such as caffeine, nicotine, cocaine, and amphetamines are placed within this category. Stimulants block the reuptake of dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin in the synapses of the central nervous system, which produce an enhanced mood and increase of energy. This energy is temporary and is accompanied…

After that came the Narcotics Control Act and the Drug Abuse Control Amendments which, not only, imposed severe penalties on any person convicted on a narcotics or marijuana charge but it was adopted that there would be strict control over amphetamines, barbiturates, and LSD along with other similar…

FMO3 binds to include tertiary amines: tyramine, trimethylamine, and nicotine. Carbamates and organophosphates found in agrichemicals are also substrates of FMO3. This isoform of FMO can also metabolize a variety of commonly used drugs including amphetamine, cimetidine, clozapine, itopride, ketoconazole, methimazole, sulindac sulfide, and…

There are a wide range of explanations for schizophrenia (SZ), ranging from genetics to psychodynamic approaches. These theories can be grouped into two categories; biological and psychological. These two explanations have many differences such as their fundamental basis, treatments and methodology, but also have several similarities. This essay will outline, then compare and contrast various theories within the biological and psychological explanations. One aspect of the psychological…

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is regarded as the second most common neurodegenerative disease and is a result of the loss of dopaminergic cells in the substantia nigra (Robakis and Fahn, 2015). This deficiency of dopamine produces symptoms such as: tremors, rigidity and bradykinesia in affected patients (de Lau and Breteler, 2006). It is thought that the mitochondrial enzyme, monoamine oxidase (MAO), is involved in the neuropathology of PD. MAO is a flavoenzyme that catalyzes the oxidative…