Amperometric titration

1.1 Overview: In a research lab, Mr. Z trying to formulate a colloidal dispersion system with sodium lauryl sulphate. What type of colloidal system is suitable for sodium laurly sulphate and also we have to discuss the different stability factors for sodium laurly sulphate dispersion. 1.2 Solution to the question: Introduction of colloids: Colloids are homogeneous non-crystalline substances. Here one substance is divide into more minute particles called colloidal particles and then it…

Preparing Dilutions of the Silver Nanoparticles 1. Gather all materials. 2. Put on a pair of disposable gloves. 3. Make a paper towel damp with some 70% isopropyl rubbing alcohol. Wipe down the work surface with the rubbing alcohol-dampened paper towel. 4. Using a permanent marker, label the five baby food jars #1 to #5. 5. Using the 25 milliliter (mL) graduated cylinder, measure and pour 22.5 mL of distilled water (from a new, unopened container) into each of jars #2, #3, #4, and #5. 6. Using…

sample. I tested three different samples containing different percentage amounts of ethanol in them; Listerine, Terra Fresca Wine and the last is a mixture of ethanol and water that was made by me. The three different methods compared are the redox titration method which involves the oxidation of ethanol to ethanoic acid and then titrating the residue with sodium thiosulfate, which would then be used to calculate the number of moles of ethanol present in the original sample. The method of…

Therefore, the structural and optical characterization of prepared samples was carried out by using these instruments. 3.2 Synthesis of ZnO Nanostructures ZnO nanoparticles were prepared by using the following reagents : Starch solution Zinc nitrate hexahydrate {Zn〖(NO_3)〗_2 .6 H_2 O} Sodium hydroxide { NaOH) Freshly prepared ammonia solution. In order to prepare 0.01M of ZnO nanoparticles, the following steps were followed: The 0.01 M of Sodium hydroxide { NaOH}…

precipitating in the solution due to an highly basic environment. Finally, H3PO4 is added to the solution to prevent Fe3+ in brass from being reduced to Fe2+ by iodide since phosphate will form a complex with Fe3+. The solution was heated before the titration process in…

Determination of the Concentration of Acid in Gastric Juice Introduction Titration is a method where a solution of known concentration is used to find the concentration of an unknown solution. A standard solution is a solution of precisely known concentration. The aim of this experiment was to go over the use of pipettes, burettes, titrations and also to reinforce the concept of molarity. In this experiment, a titration was carried out using a standard solution of hydrochloric acid to…

Pectin yield was determined as weight of dry pectin against the weight of initial residues multiplied by 100%. Y=100(P/Bi) Where Y is the extracted pectin yield (%), P is the amount of extracted pectin in grams and Bi is the initial amount of sweet potato residues used to extract pectin. Equivalent weight and Degree of methoxylation The equivalent weight was determined according to the method by Barretina et al., (Barretina et al. 2012). 0.25g pectin was wetted with 5ml ethanol and topped…

RESULT AND DISCUSSION 7.1. Preformulation studies 7.1.1. Identification of pure drug by FTIR Figure7.1: Identification of Sample through FTIR Figure 7.2: FTIR Spectrum of Standard Prazosin hydrochloride (with references of B.P.- 2009) Table: 7.1 - Characteristics peaks of Prazosin hydrochloride S.No. Reference peaks (cm-1) Theoretical peak of Prazosin hydrochloride Obtained peaks (cm-1) Functional Group Stretching/ Bending 1 1750-1680 1529.92 1529.92 C=O Stretching 2. 1650-1580…

a) Heckel equation In 1961, Heckel proposed the most widely used equation describing pharmaceutical powder behavior in compaction. It was initially used to study the densification of ceramics and its correlation with pressure. It a first order process where powder pores elimination rate is correlated to the number of pores present. The rate of volume reduction increases as the number of pores decrease. Heckel equation relates the density, pressure and the pore fraction of the powder [16],.…

DETERMINATION OF pKa AND pKb USING ACID-BASE TITRATIONS Introduction Acid-base titrations can be used to determine pKa of a weak acid and pKb of a base. A weak acid and a weak base incompletely dissociate in water. For this reason, the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) and hydroxide ions (OH-) depend on equilibrium coefficients of acid (Ka) and base (Kb). Equation 1 shows the chemical dissociation equation of a weak acid. Furthermore, Equation 2 describes the equilibrium constant of a weak…