Amine

What is UGT1A4? The majority of drugs are metabolized to form compounds that are more polar in structure than their parental precursors. The ultimate goal is to 1) increase the hydrophilicity of the presented compounds along with their molecular weight, 2) inactivate their biological effects and 3) facilitate their efflux from the cells, subsequently followed by excretion into bile or urine1. The metabolic enzymes in charge of this process are traditionally organized into two separate…

Reduction involves increasing the number of carbon hydrogen bonds by adding hydrogen across a double or triple bond which results in an increase in electron density at the carbon atom. Organic functional groups containing double and triple bonds which undergo reduction are unsaturated. The reduction of the double bond by addition of hydrogen atoms results in the product being fully saturated. Metal hydride reducing agents that have different reactivities toward specific functional groups are…

Traditional cars are seriously depended on in today’s society. How many places would you not be able to get to without your car as an adult? Work? Appointments? Shopping? Yes, sure, all of these places are accessible through other means of transportation, but, not everyone has the comfort or afford to conform their schedules to fit it. Society lets the harm gasoline powered vehicles cause fall between the cracks more often than naught. The world's number of registered vehicles has reached over…

These symptoms occur due to inflammation of the vaginal mucosa. Patients with yeast infection (vulvovaginal candidiasis) typically have a curdy white discharge that appears like cottage cheese. Bacterial vaginosis is associated with a fishy amine odor. Trichomonas classically produces a greenish-yellow purulent discharge. Patients with pelvic inflammatory disease often have fever, severe pelvic or abdominal pain, and systemic symptoms. Pelvic examination may demonstrate cervical discharge…

Cocaine is a stimulant, addictive and illicit drug. It is the second drug after cannabis in the number of seizures globally. The global seizures in 2012 were 671 tones. In Europe, 14.1 million or (4.2%) of adults are estimated to have been taking cocaine in their life time according to the European monitoring centre for drugs and drug addiction (EMCDDA). Cocaine and its metabolites can be detected in hair, urine, saliva and blood1. It can be also be detected in surface water, waste water…

central vision. Numerous factors have been proposed as potential AMD pathogens including accumulation of drusen, genetic mutation in complement factors, inflammatory response, photooxidative stress, accumulation of N-retinylidene-N-retinylethanol-amine (A2E), and ischemia. Despite none of these pathogens has been recognized as the direct cause of AMD, prolong exposure to a combination of these factors can lead to RPE degeneration or death. Based on the formation of neovascular tissues, AMD has…

the dye is called the azo-violet dye. The azo-violet dye molecule has a large and rather big conjugated system. To form the desired product, two reactions/mechanisms were conducted. The first reaction conducted consisted of reacting an aromatic amine ring and nitrous acid to produce a diazonium salt; the reaction is called diazotization. The reaction proceeding this was using the diazonium salt to couple with an activated arene to create the final product; this reaction is called diazonium…

for Epinephrine are anaphylaxis, extreme difficulty breathing, urtica, wheezing, etc. There are no contraindications for Epinephrine in extreme circumstances. Therapeutic Epinephrine is the synthetic form of the naturally occurring sympathomimetic amine with vasoconstricting, intraocular pressure-reducing, and bronchodilating activities. By stimulating vascular alpha-adrenergic receptors, epinephrine causes vasoconstriction, thereby increasing vascular resistance and blood pressure. When…

The results obtained in this experiment correspond well with the expected outcomes. At 0oC, the product formed was white indicating that it must be cyclohexanone semicarbazone. This is further confirmed by the observed melting point of 166.5oC. These results deviate by only 0.5oC from the expected melting point of 166oC for this compound. This particular reaction is controlled kinetically and occurred because it had the smallest activation energy. Then after forming this compound, the reaction…

Assessment 1: High Risk Pregnancy Subjective Data is M.J. is a 24-year-old African American female who presented the clinic for abnormal vaginal bleeding and twelve weeks pregnant. The patient is a single mother who works as a cashier clerk, has a high school level of education, and lives with her boyfriend of one year. She denies a history of alcohol or drug abuse. M.J. admits to being pregnant since using a home pregnancy test. M.J. states that she may be 12 weeks pregnant and denies having…