Amide

Our logic for choosing kinesin for developing CNS therapeutics is based upon our own research, which found that kinesins are transcriptionally upregulated during memory storage and that they are both necessary and sufficient to induce long-term memory storage (LTM) in the marine snail, Aplysia californica (Puthanveettil et al., 2008; Fig 1). Furthermore, other researchers have also discovered that an increase in specific kinesin function in the mouse forebrain improves working memory (Wong et al…

Peptidomimetics are compounds whose essential elements (pharmacophore) mimic a natural peptide or protein in 3D space and which retain the ability to interact with the biological target and produce the same biological effect. The demand for modified peptides with improved stability profiles and pharmacokinetic properties is driving extensive research effort in this field. Many structural modifications of peptides guided by rational design and molecular modeling have been established to develop…

esters. Acetaminophen, a popular active ingredient in many over-the-counter drugs, is used as a pain reliever and a fever reducer. It is synthesized from the reaction between a carboxylic acid and an amine; thus, acetaminophen contains hydroxyl and amide functional groups.1 C6H7NO + C4H6O3 C8H9NO2 + C2H4O2 This reaction is commonly known as a condensation reaction. A condensation reaction is a chemical reaction where two reactants form a larger molecule while simultaneously creating a smaller…

50-70% of carbon assimilated in gross primary productivity is released back to the atmosphere as CO2 during subsequent plant respiration (Amthor and Baldocchi, 2001). Growth is the conversion of temporary pools of substrates such as carbohydrates and amides into new structures including enzymes and permanent storage such as starch in seeds. Growth includes monomer synthesis, polymerization of monomers into polymers such as cellulose and proteins, organization of polymers into organelles and…

There are various types of drugs that people are exposed to in the day to day life. The use of these drugs results to various actions happening to the human body. This paper thus gets into an in-depth analysis of the actions that the four major classifications of drugs, stimulants, depressants, hallucinogens and narcotics, have on the human body when used. The paper will look at the effects that each type of drug has on the human body, the dependence of each drug and how the drug interacts with…

3.2. Molecular Electrostatic Potential (MEP) surface of Pyrazolooxazines. The correlation between the molecular structure and the physicochemical property of molecules, including biological molecules and MESP-based drugs, to distinguish electron rich zones (electrophilic attack) from electron-poor ones (a nucleophilic attack) 16, 17. We represent in this study the molecular surface of the electrostatic potential (MESP), the electrostatic potential (ESP) and the electron density (ED). MESP is a…

Sodium alginate (SA) is a natural anionic polysaccharide obtained from sea weeds. It contains β-D-mannuronate (M) and α-L-glucuronate (G) residues linked by (1-4)- glycosidic linkages (Fig. 7.1) and arranged in homopolymeric blocks of each type and in heteropolymeric blocks [1]. It is a water soluble polysaccharide and has pKa values of 3.38 for the ‘M’ and 3.65 for ‘G’ units [2]. It can form complexes with positively charged polymers due to its anionic character. It is utilized as emulsifier,…

Herbicides fall into two broad categories: inorganic (e.g., copper sulfate, sodium chlorate, and sodium arsenide) and organic (e.g., chlorophenoxy compounds, dinitrophenols, bipyridyl compounds, carbamates, and amide herbicides). Because plants and mammals differ in organization and physiology, it might be expected that herbicides would constitute only a slight chemical hazard to mammals. Whereas some herbicides have very low toxicities in mammals, others have…

Uriel Abulof is a professor of politics at Tel-Aviv University and a senior research fellow at Princeton University. Abulof’s The Mortality and Morality of Nations is the one of the recent books that Abulof has published dealing with the political morality of nations and how small nations arise and transcend to exist as a nation. The book consist of five chapters and it is split into an introduction in which he states his clear and straightforward trajectory in addressing to explicate how…

proportional to the concentration.17 A plot of the current versus voltage results in a voltammogram which gives details on the reversibility of the reaction based on the peaks. Acetaminophen is able to undergo the unique oxidation into NAPQI, then the amide group is eliminated.17 The final product, benzoquinone, is unable to be further oxidized or reduced.17 The result is an irreversible reaction that will have a single positive anodic peak proportional to the concentration of the…