Amide

Ivacaftor, C24H28N203, is a 4-oxoquinoline-3-carboxamide molecule which consists of five main functional groups: a quinolone, an amide, a phenol, and two tert-butyls. Quinolones are regularly found in anti-biotics, amides are seen in the synthesis of nylon, phenol can be retrieved from coal tar, and tert-butyl groups are big hydrophobic groups found in tert-butyl alcohol (the simplest tertiary alcohol); none of these functional groups were invented or developed first by the parent company of the…

Kevlor A synthetic material which has high tensile strength and used in manufacturing of tires and also as a reinforcement agent in manufacturing of protective parts like helmet etc…, HISTORY In 1930’s a chemical company called DuPont prepared commercially succeful super polyamide. Actually in 1964 Stephanie kwolek discovered kevlor in DuPont laboratory while doing research on the high performance chemical compounds. Kevlor is patented Stephanie kwolek in 1966 which is used by many police…

PROTEIN STRUCTURE Proteins are polymers which is set up by 19 different α-amino acids and one imino acid (Proline) linked by amida bond or peptide bond. A protein usually contain amino acid residues, covalently linked, which spontaneously form a three-dimensional structure, based on the self-recognition of its respective sequence. Covalent bonds (peptide and disulfide), hydrogen bonds, electrostatic interactions, hydrophobic interactions, and weak, nonspecific attractive and repulsive forces are…

Hypocrisy is interesting! I sometimes feel that hypocrite people might actually suffer a disconnect between the perception of their believe and its reality, rather than that they are aware of what they do and choose to deny it. Per example, I think texting and driving is dangerous and irresponsible, and I will be quick to negatively label people that practice it. Yet , in reality I do imagine I would text and drive if I was to seek it’s convenience at some point. In this example, my mind accepts…

penicillin binding protein and blocking transpeptidation. It has low protein binding and is eliminated renally and mostly unchanged. It has a beta lactam ring, an absolute configuration of 2S, 5R, 6R, a carboxylic acid group at C2 position and an amide bond at the C6 position. It has broad spectrum activity and can be used against gram negative bacterial infections. Erythromycin is a macrolide that inhibits protein synthesis by binding to the 50s subunit and prevents peptide translocation from…

Each lectin molecule usually comprises of two or more carbohydrate-combining sites, i.e., they are di- or polyvalent. Concanavalin A (a tetramer protein originally extracted from the jack-bean, Canavalia ensiformis) is a member of the legume lectin family and is a particular lectin that has been observed to be able to agglutinate a multitude of cell types, including myocytes, B-lymphocytes and fibroblasts, but for it to perform this action, it needs the presences of sugars which include mannose…

Background This experiment was performed to determine the identity of an unknown organic liquid using physical constants: physical state, color, and odor, the solubility classification: water soluble or insoluble, the results of characterization tests: Lucas test, 2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazine test, Bromine in Methylene Chloride test, and Ferric hydroxamate test, and analyses of spectral data: IR spectrum and HNMR . All testing samples were added to testing tubes for observation. Data was…

N-hydroxysulfosuccinimide sodium salt in 50mM buffer solution for about 1h. The antibody coated electrodes were created by immersing for 1h into a solution of 50µg/mL antibody and 50mM Phosphate-buffered saline at pH 7.3, which results in forming of amide bonds to amine groups on the protein surface, and then it is immersed into 0.1% BSA for 1h in order to reduce the nonspecific…

ergot alkaloids, and simple lysergic acid derivatives (most notably lysergic acid diethyl amide or LSD) (Toxinology.no 2016). Besides the Ergot fungi species, there have been rumors of another plant organism by the name of “Morning Glories” that also produces and contains LSD; however, studies later proved that the seeds located within it instead contained a naturally occurring tryptamine called Lysergic Acid Amide (LSA), which is closely related to LSD in lines of being a “hallucinogen” with…

Important aspects for polymers and conjugated drugs A choice of anticancer drugs have been conjugated with polymers, including anthracycline antibiotics, antimetabolites, platinum analogues, alkylating agents, as well as peptides, proteins and enzymes (Meng, and El-Deiry, 2002). The main requirement for a candidate drug in this field is the drug minimum effective concentration. For example, if the minimum effective concentration needs to be ~10 '3 M for a drug with a molecular weight of -50 kDa,…