Alphabet

Natalie is a fourteen year old girl who not only suffers from depression, mild PTSD that stems from traumatic childhood experiences, but also battles with nightmares and thoughts of self –harm. She lives with her mom and dad (they are still together), older brother and sister, and her emotional support dog, Ginger. Natalie is primarily home/cyber schooled, but is in the process of transitioning at least to part time brick and mortar school attendance. She has a very strong, loving, and…

The client arrived on time and appeared to be in a good mood. The client and clinician participated in a Mardi Gras activity. The client and clinician watched a video and discussed Mardi Gras culture. The client and clinician continued to target the front vowels. The client participated in an auditory discrimination task for all the front vowels. The client was able to distinguish between the vowels with 96% (22/23). Regarding drilling at the word level for the vowel /i/ (level 3 of Complexity…

Wambaugh, Martinez, McNeil, and Rogers (1999) conducted a study to replicate and expand upon the findings of the study by Wambaugh et al. (1998). They investigated response generalization and maintenance effects of SPT for trained and untrained words. Additionally, the authors attempted to determine whether SPT could result in the overgeneralization of targeted sounds to the production of untrained or previously trained phonemes (e.g., if training the production of /k/ would result in the…

X is a nine-year-old foster student who has moved around a lot due to foster-family changes. Currently, he is in a loving and stable environment with dads that adore him. This has done a great deal of good but has not made up completely for the lack of structure received in his earlier/ developmental years. Regardless of the activity, X is very active and always has a bunch on his mind. When I first met him, he was the one asking me questions before I had the chance to ask him, now we are equal…

The title of the article is called “The Stop and Go Phonemic Awareness Game: Providing Modeling, Practice, and Feedback” and it is written by Jill Howard Allor, Kristin A. Gansle, and R. Kenton Denny. The authors define phonemic awareness as “the ability to recognize the individual sounds within spoken words” and it is a critical skill needed to be successful with reading acquisition (Allor, Gansle, & Denny, 2006). The authors discuss the importance of explicitly teaching phonemic awareness…

The phrase “low expectations” usually has a negative connotation. This makes sense, because people have associated low expectations with unhappiness and failure. This is not always the case, however; sometimes having low expectations can be viewed as pleasant and helpful, whereas having high expectations can cause disappointment. Even William Shakespeare once said that expectations are the root of heartache. Lowering expectations can positively impact happiness by changing one’s outlook on life,…

Background Information Carmen is a seven-year-old second-grade student in Mrs. F class. According to Mrs. F, Carmen’s reading current reading level is performing at a low first-grade reading level. She is extremely social inside and outside of the classroom. When in class, Carmen likes to help her peers when she is given the opportunity. Outside with her friends, Carmen is social with any student that is interested becoming her friend. Carmen is focused on her school studies and does not give up…

The first time I went to Walmart it was an eye opening experience. People there are not as loud as in my country. Having just moved to the U.S, the only thing I desired was to fit in. When my mother shouted “MICHELLE!” in the middle of Walmart. I wanted to die. Growing up in a very close Mexican family is loud. What that means is that I grew up going to family reunions at least once a week. Those reunions involve a lot of shouting for various reasons. One is that there was music all the time so…

Administering diagnostic surveys and assessments among students is the first step in the intricate process of teaching. Analyzing this data is very important, as it provides teachers with useful information. Once the proper data is acquired the results are used to plan for literacy remediation and instruction. Instructional focus is important for the students to begin honing in on their weak areas and strengthening their capabilities. The following analysis is that of a second grader. A…

Knowing all these problems as common errors in English pronunciation, this was kept in mind. The first thing I noticed is the mispronunciation of interdentals by replacing them with Ta and da. Both interdentals are replaced by alveolar consonants. However, this may be just a manner of articulation problem. She isn’t putting her tongue between her teeth enough. What’s odd is sometimes she actually pronounces the interdental consonants. It may have been there was more focus on those words since it…