Alpha motor neuron

The vertebral and the carotid artery nourish a collection of blood vessels called the circle of Willis. The carotid artery supplies blood to most of the cerebral hemispheres. It runs up the lateral sides of the neck, then splits into the anterior cerebral artery and the middle cerebral artery. The anterior cerebral artery supplies blood to the medial surface of the frontal and parietal lobes as well as the corpus callosum. The middle cerebral artery supplies the lateral portions of the…

According to the World Health Organization 2014 Report, 39 million people are blind all over the world that there are not any treatment for 20% of them [1]. Loss of vision causes a lot of problems in daily tasks, especially mobility. In recent decades, various types of portable or wearable systems have been introduced to help blind people. These systems improve their abilities either by restoring vision through stimulating proper part of the visual system (i.e. retina, optic nerve, or the visual…

action and body reflexes; the autonomic nervous system regulates involuntary actions such as breathing and digestion. The PNS also connects the central nervous system to environmental stimuli to gather sensory input and create motor output. 6 It is made up of different kind of neurons or nerve cells, which communicate with each other through electric signaling and neurotransmitters. 8 Per AniMed’s YouTube Channel, nerves reach from your brain to your face, ear, eyes, nose, and spinal cord and…

Pain is modulated by descending mechanisms of nociceptive transmission between the brain and spinal cord. Multiple brain regions, pathways, and chemical mediators are involved in this modulation of pain. One type of powerful mediator involved in pain modulation are opioids. Endogenous opioid peptides, as well as exogenous opioid agonists, bind and activate opioid receptors. Activated opioid receptors directly inhibit ON cells and also inhibit GABAergic interneurons which inhibit OFF cells, thus…

Imagine waking up one morning and not remembering what happened the other day, or important things like the names of loved one? That is what it feels like to have a progressed stage of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). There are many known diseases in the world, but AD is a very deadly disease with no known treatment or exact cause. AD is a disease that more commonly develops in the elderly and not younger people. AD not only affects the patient, but it also affects their family and friends because they…

Hence, due to the blocking properties of lignocaine, it prevents the depolarization of the postsynaptic neuron, and averts the initiation of an action potential (Sheu and Lederer, 1985). The effects of lignocaine on the intestinal smooth muscle are described to be concentration-dependent contractures (F A., 1986). Thus, in the experiment, as the amplitude…

The most widespread disabling neurological condition of young adults around the world is Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Sclerosis is a Greek word meaning hardening of tissue or scars. Another name for MS is Demyelinating Disease, 85% of people diagnosed with MS have Relapsing-Remitting MS (RRMS). Around 10% have Primary-Progressive MS (PPMS), there is also Secondary-Progressive MS (SPMS), and Progressive-Relapsing MS (PRMS). The least common type is PRMS. In MS your immune system mistakenly attacks…

More Money Should be Granted to Fund Research on the Alzheimer’s Disease Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder and the most common form of dementia that affects memory, thinking skills, behavior, and normal bodily functions. There are about 5.2 million Americans living with the Alzheimer’s disease in 2014. Currently there is no prevention, treatment, or cure for the Alzheimer’s disease. Every year more than 500,000 seniors die due to the disease. Alzheimer’s has a mortality…

signal is sent from the eye to the brain’s neurons. The neurons pass the signal down from one another through the different parts of the cells. The neuron sends the signal that the mother has disappeared from the soma down the axon. The axon then sends the impulse out the axon terminals through the synapses, the space between neurons. The impulse gets released as a chemical substance, called a neurotransmitter, through the synapse and the receiving neuron gets the signal through the dendrites.…

become more apparent with the help of a strong and productive nervous system; this would include any change in emotion, memory or the environment. Neurons are known as the messengers of the body. They are the nerve cells that send messages through the nervous system, while the nerve impulses send coded electrical signals from the neuron. The motor neurons carry the brain and spinal cord impulses, to the muscles and the glands, while the sensory…