Alpha motor neuron

Alzheimer's disease usually develops through several steps and stages slowly and progressively gets worse over the years. It eventually affects most parts of your brain, including the memory, thinking, judgment, language, problem-solving, personality and movement[1]. The rate of progression for Alzheimer's disease differs extensively. On average, people with Alzheimer's disease live 8 to 10 years after diagnosis, but some people can survive 25 years[2]. There are Three important stages of…

Previous works have established that RA functions in the patterning of the anterior-posterior positional identities of central nervous system (Holland and Holland, 1996, Escriva et al., 2002, Schubert, 2004, 2005, 2006 and Koop et al., 2010). It can be depicted from the results that the p-test indicates a significant difference between the experimental and control subjects. This means that the retinoic acid, which was added to the experimental group only , have adversely affected the…

protein. When this occurs, the TDP-43 protein has usually shifted its location from the nucleus to throughout the cytoplasm of the cell. This abnormal accumulation of TDP-43 in the cytoplasm is not only found in neurons and glial cells of the primary motor cortex but as well as in brainstem motor nuclei, the spinal cord, and in certain associated white matter tracts (Mackenzie et al 2010). It is at this point that TDP-43 becomes phosphorylated and the C-terminus cleaved resulting in the…

Consisting of the brain and the spinal cord, the central nervous system is one of the three parts of the nervous system in human body. This system is responsible for information and action processing. It coordinates the response to a stimulus by integrating sensory information and responding properly in the environment. The brain, as the control center of human body, interprets the sensory information (sight, sound, smell, taste and touch) from all parts of the body. On the other hand, the…

Parkinson’s is the second leading disorder affecting older adults; Alzheimer’s being the first. This disease is characterized by motor irregularities that include tremors, slowness, and rigidness. There are not only motor symptoms associated with the disease; there are also non-motor symptoms that include difficulties in the area of cognition, emotions, and sleeping (Eccles, Murray, and Simpson, 2011). Unfortunately, this disease is also a progressive disorder, meaning that as time goes on the…

There are recent discussions about the pivotal importance of HCV virus in the cognitive dysfunction in chronic Hepatitis C. The cognitive dysfunction occurs mostly in the areas related to working memory and processing speed memory. It is believed that these changes in the cognition are a different form of HE, once it can occur in beginning stages of fibrosis and without a severe liver disease (cirrhosis). The impairment of cognition can lead to changes in the brain: structural and functional…

Dr. Vilayanur Subramanian Ramachandran was born in 1951, in Tamil Nadu, India. Ramachandran moved around India and Asia with his family. Dr. Ramachandran is “Director of the Center for Brain and Cognition and Distinguished Professor with the Psychology Department and Neurosciences Program at the University of California, San Diego, and Adjunct Professor of Biology at the Salk Institute”. Dr. Vilayanur Ramachandran is “best known for work on visual perception and experiments in behavioral…

There are damages in the brain that can be genetic or born with. These are very dangerous because that means that it can develop anytime form tha age of twenty to eighty. A well-known disease that one is born with is epilepsy. the brain losses cells everytime a seizure hits someone. If seizures have been occurring since birth, the development of the brain is harmed because of the loss of brain cells during the brains “maturing” ages. Psychopathy is also a disease that an individual can be born…

Overview Dystonia is a neurological movement disorder in which a person experiences uncontrollable muscle spasms that can occasionally be quite painful. Caused by incorrect brain signals, these spasms pull on muscles in such a way that the body starts to move in twisting repetitive movements or causes it to assume abnormal postures. The condition may affect a single area of the body, or it could cause issues in several places at once. In some cases, dystonia can impact the entire body. It is…

tribe has developed resistance to Kuru, due to their cannibalism culture. Kuru is a prion-based disease, similar to viruses found in cattle (Mad Cow Disease) and sheep (Scrappie). According to Science World Reports, this prion bacteria eats up brain neurons, that will later cause severe loss of memory and brain damage.…