doctors use the GOLD staging system. GOLD stands for “ Global Institute for Chronic Obstruction Lung Disease.” This is a specific test that measures the amount of air that a person can blow out in 1 second. This amount of air is called the forced exploratory volume (FEVI). vFrom the FEVI doctors group the patient into four stages. Stage one is the mild stage. The FEVI is 80% or more than normal. The second stage is moderate. The FEVI is less than 80 % but more than 50% of normal capacity. The third stage is severe, the FEVI is less 50 percent but greater than 30 percent. Finally, the worse stage is very severe. This is when the FEVI is less then 30 percent. There can be serious physical limitation when the FEVI is less than 30 because oxygen blood content is very low. This causes oxygen deprivation. This can cause damage to the body. Brain damage occurs after eight minutes without oxygen…
1. What clinical findings are likely in R.S. as a consequence of his COPD B? There are multiple types of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), COPD “characterized by chronic and recurrent obstruction of airflow in the pulmonary airways (Porth & Matfin, 2009). The recurrent obstruction makes it difficult for a person to breath overtime this problem occurs in the lower respiratory tract. COPD compromises the flow of air in the lungs this causes less oxygen that is being circulated…
and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with 30 years of smoking history. However, she quit smoking two years ago. Mrs. Jones takes Claritin 10 mg q am and Albuterol MDI 2 puffs every 4 hours PRN. Upon physical assessment, Mrs. Jones vital signs are: pulse 88 bpm, and regular, 20 respiratory rates, BP 128/72, O2 saturation of 92% room air and spirometry reveals FEV1=45%, FEV1/FVC=65%. She is positive of allergic shiners, which indicates sinuses congestion. Her bilateral lower lobes are…
is a type of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Emphysema progressively damages the air sacs known as the alveoli, which causes shortness of breath. The alveoli in a healthy individual are clustered together. With emphysema, the inner walls of the air sacs weaken and eventually rupture which creates one larger air space instead of many small ones (Mayo clinic, n.d.a.). With regards to causes, there can be many causes for the development of emphysema. The main cause of emphysema is…
can lead to organ failure. The pancreas is a five to six inch gland located behind the stomach. The pancreas produces insulin, and it regulates the use of blood sugar throughout the body. The pancreas also produces enzymes that are used for digestion. Diabetes mellitus (usually type one) is the common disease that can lead to pancreas failure. The lungs are divided into sections, with three on the right and two on the left, the lungs can be described as a pair of highly elastic and spongy organs…
commonly a result from consumption of medication that suppress the immune system. Immunosuppressive drug containing ciclosporin, azathioprine, and corticosteroids or antithymocyte globulin are prescribed to prevent rejection on donor lungs. However, the immune system is weaken and more vulnerable to infectious pathogens. In context of innate immune responses, a literature demonstrated that an inhibition of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) debilitate allograft rejection, while TLR activation and…