Allele frequency

population, the dominant allele codes for long white fur whereas the recessive allele codes for short white fur. The polar bears also have heterozygous alleles and those also code from having long white fur. In this experiment, I will be test the difference of longer fur versus the shorter fur. I will do this by decreasing the allele frequency in the dominant allele as well as the recessive allele to show how dominant…

4. Genetic drift is an intriguing concept in genetics that focuses on explaining the random variation in changes of allele frequencies from one generation to the next in populations. The variation comes from sampling error because in many genetic models populations are assumed to be infinitely large, which is seldom the case. A simple mathematical approach to modelling genetic drift is the Wright-Fisher model. In this essay the general principles of the Wright-Fisher model will be explained, and…

coat. The allele associated with this phenotype is “a” recessive allele and shows presence in an individual when it is homozygous. The normal patterned leopard coat is expressed by the dominant “A” allele and shows presence in an individual when it is homozygous as well as heterozygous. The African Leopard generally lives in bush and forest areas (awf). If people were to push all African Leopard populations into darkly covered forests over fifty generations, how would this affect the allele…

One result of random genetic drift and gene substitution is mutant alleles, however the probability that these mutations become fixed in a population is not solely dependent on the advantageous nature of the allele, rather the probability of fixation is determined by the allele frequency, the selective advantage or disadvantage, and the effective population size. The probability of fixation for a particular allele is demonstrated by the equation where probability is equal to 1 minus the…

patterns of evolution in the fictional species, Cannus stannous. Fitness of the C. stannous population is determined solely by its ability to retain heat. Three genes determined heat retention; can size, skin type, and water level. Each gene had three alleles, producing 27 possible phenotypic combinations (Table 1). The data recorded pertains to two populations of C. stannous over 9 generations; a small population of 4 cans (Figure 1) and the large population of 24 cans (Figure 2). Within each…

The CCR5-Δ32 Allele: A Natural Resistance to HIV Virus Human immunodeficiency virus, most commonly known as HIV, is an acquired virus that attacks the immune system of the host and eventually leads to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome otherwise known as AIDS. HIV is a relatively new disease in human populations, AIDS was first observed in homosexual males in 1981 (Herron et al., 2014, p. 2). Later, in 1983, soon after the discovery of AIDS, scientists identified HIV virus as being responsible…

to the Hardy-Weinberg Principle. The Hardy-Weinberg Principle states, “Allele and genotype frequencies in a population will remain constant” in each generation if evolutionary influences are not present. The Hardy-Weinberg Principle can be applied to a population through evolutionary forces such as mutation, migration, non-random mating, genetic drift, and natural selection. The equilibrium determines gene and allele frequency ratios by using the Hardy-Weinberg equation, p^2+2pq+p^2=1. The…

equilibrium. 4. You have been offering genotyping of a drug-metabolizing enzyme in a medical center in a U.S. city. The patient population is predominantly Caucasian and African-American. The genotyping targets polymorphisms found at the highest frequencies in these two populations. More recently, a high influx of immigrants from South Korea, Japan, and Vietnam begin to enter the city. If you continue to offer the same polymorphisms, what are the major limitations you will encounter in…

dissimilar allele frequencies from the original population it may be by chance either lack come alleles or have high frequency of others while population bottlenecks occurs when a large decrease in the size of an original population can eliminate a large amount of genes. 23. How does mutation increase genetic variation in a way that crossing over and independent assortment do not? This because during mutation selection removes deleterious alleles however, dangerous recessive alleles are…

Abstract: This paper explores and examines how migration affects a population, and how it affects the frequency or change of alleles in a population. It is asked, “How does migration affect heterozygosity in a population?” I predicted that migration increases heterozygosity in isolated populations. To explore and test out this hypothesis the moth program in the “PopGenLab” was used to carry out the experiment. What was found that migration did keep population high and kept…