Alkene

attacking a hydrogen on a highly substituted carbon. Consequently, the base attacks a hydrogen on the least substituted carbon (primary carbon). In this case, steric hindrance is reduced and the elimination reaction is faster, so a less substituted alkene is more favored, and becomes the major product. 2-Bromoheptane + Sodium Methoxide. The 2-Bromoheptane + Potassium TertButoxide reaction yielded 4 different products: 1-heptene,…

Introduction The purpose of this experiment was to understand acid-catalyzed hydration of alkenes through the formation of exo-norborneol from the reaction of Norborene with acid and the excess of water. Acid-catalyzed hydration is useful in removing double and triple bonds; an unsaturated compound becomes reduced to a saturated compound in the presence of the acid catalyst, or water for this experiment. Hydration of alkenes is the result of acid-catalyzed addition of water to a carbon-carbon…

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Reduction involves increasing the number of carbon hydrogen bonds by adding hydrogen across a double or triple bond which results in an increase in electron density at the carbon atom. Organic functional groups containing double and triple bonds which undergo reduction are unsaturated. The reduction of the double bond by addition of hydrogen atoms results in the product being fully saturated. Metal hydride reducing agents that have different reactivities toward specific functional groups are…

organic solvent glacial acetic acid in order to verify and test which addition mechanism the reaction would follow. In the anti-addition mechanism, bromines attach themselves on opposite sides of the alkene functional group in a compound. In a syn-addition, the attach to the same side of the alkene. The reaction synthesis was completed by using a reflux system to produce to crude product, and a vacuum filter to yield a solid, crude product. Recrystallization of the solid product was performed,…

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Green chemistry principles were applied to multi-step synthesis reactions; these reactions included the bromination of trans-diphenylethylene, bromination of ethyl trans-cinnamate, and debromination of 1, 2-dibromo-1, 2-diphenylethane. These reactions featured a reflux set-up, which allowed the reactions to occur at higher temperatures and aided in the prevention of the evaporation of the solvent and the loss of product thereby increasing the efficiency of the reactions. Furthermore, the…

sp3 hybridized carbons at 2981 cm-1, a carbonyl at 1735 cm-1, aromatic carbon-carbon stretching at 1660 cm-1, an ester carbon-oxygen stretching at 1144 cm-1, and alkene carbon-hydrogen stretching at 698 cm-1. There was no alcohol present in this spectra, indication that all of the catalyst was removed successfully. Also the presence of alkene functional group indicates neither starting material was present in the final product. This spectrum also resembles the spectrum in the procedure handout…

In the Acid-Catalyzed Hydration of norbornene, water and sulfuric acid were added to the C=C double bond to form norborneol. Sulfuric acid acted as a catalyst, where it was not consumed in the reaction and helped to propel the reaction forward, as it was vital in forming hydronium ion and breaking the double bond. Both the products endo-norborneol and exo-norborneol were synthesized; however regioselectivity and stereoselectivity played a role as to which product was more preferred and whether…

0.3170 Weak C-H stretch Aldehydes and acids 9 2524.07 0.0337 Medium O-H stretch Carboxylic acids 10 2226.40 0.0033 Weak C ≡C stretch Alkynes 11 2043.60 0.0059 Unknown 12 1785.35 0.0104 Unknown 13 1659.54 0.0303 Medium C =C stretch Amides and alkenes 14 1477.37 0.0519 Medium C-C stretch Aromatic…