Alkaloid

Vinorelbine also known as Navelbine® is an anti-cancer chemotherapy drug. It belongs to a class of chemotherapy drugs called vinca-alkaloids; which can be categorised as spindle poisons1. Vinorelbine and Vindesine are semi-synthetic derivatives from the first generation of vinca-alkaloids; Vinblastine and Vincristine2. These original vinca-alkaloids were derived from dried leaves of the Madagascan periwinkle (vinca rosea) plant1. Madagascar periwinkle is also used in the treatment for diabetes,…

6. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION 6.1 SUMMARY The current study deals mainly with phytochemical and pharmacological investigation of traditionally used medicinal plant Enicostemma littorale Blume. A perusal of the literature revealed that only fragmental information was available on this plant species regarding cytoprotective potential and immunohistochemistry. In addition the exact molecular mechanism of action of this plant species active compound swertiamarin is unknown and remote. Hence this study…

to this stimulant, you can have a better understanding of why caffeine is a popular drug that most American consume on a daily basis. Vivid Ending- That said, as you wake up early in the morning and get your day going after a long night out, your alkaloid friend is ready to keep you going in a country where everyone is always on the…

FAR 346/2 APPLIED PHARMACOGNOSY HERBS: TONGKAT ALI HITAM (Polyalthia bullata) NAME : NOOR HAMIZA BINTI ABDULLAH MATRIC NO : 119103 GROUP : A DATE OF VISIT : 5TH MARCH 2016 LECTURER : PROF DR MOHD ZAINI BIN ASNAWI : ASSOC. PROF SAAD BIN OTHMAN : DR YAM MUN FEI 1.0 Nomenclature and distribution According to Chee and M, (2013) the scientific name or botanical name of Tongkat Ali Hitam is Polyalthia bullata or also known as Polyalthia bullata King. The local names of…

The process of extracting caffeine is different than the way most alkaloids are extracted “…Caffeine, a purine derivative, does not precipitate like most alkaloids. It is usually detected by mixing with a very small amount of potassium chlorate and a drop of hydrochloric acid, evaporating to dryness and exposing the residue to ammonia vapour. A purple colour is produced…

Using herbal medicines without the consent of a doctor was thought of using wrong and that it had to do with witchcraft. The reason behind all deaths was herbs and alkaloids. Alkaloids were thought to be good back in time but they were completely wrong. Alkaloids caused so much harm in the human body which leads to thousands of deaths. In chapter 16 it talks about the discovery of a chlorocarbon compound and how it impacted our society and changed history through…

In this paper we will be examining the drug morphine as well as looking at opium poppy, whose family name is Papaveraceae; Genus name Papaver; species name somniferum. First readers will be introduced to the basic anatomy and physiology of the plant, including particulars about morphine’s relationship to opium poppy. Proceeding this discussion, readers will acquire an understanding about the species origin and historical usages. Following the discourse, readers will examine some modern facts and…

Cancerous cells take advantage of existing cell structures such as microtubules, to divide and multiply. Microtubules aid the cells in dividing and creating a similar cell. Potent anti-microtubule agents work by blocking the microtubules from performing their usual functions. When this happens, the cells are incapable of dividing and creating similar cells, and ultimately die. These anti-microtubule agents can’t differentiate between normal cells and the cancerous cells, and act on normal cells…

Mexican Poppy is an annual herb, growing up to 150 cm with a slightly branched tap roots. Its stem is branched and usually extremely prickly. It exudes a yellow juice when cut. It has showy yellow flowers. Leaves are thistle-like and alternate, without leaf stalks, toothed and the margins are spiny. The grey-white veins stand out against the bluish-green upper leaf surface. The stem is oblong in cross-section. Flowers are at the tips of the branches and solitary, yellow and of 2.5-5 cm diameter.…

Medicinal plant is an organism of the kingdom Plantae; now specifically, a living organism of the embryophyta (land plants) or of the chlorophyta (green algae), a eukaryote that includes double-membrane bounded chloroplasts in its cells containing chlorophyll a and b. Medicinal plants contain a large variety of chemical substances that possesses important therapeutic properties used in the treatment of many diseases. Increasingly industrialized societies are developing drugs and…