Alkali

The older term of base is “alkali” which means a chemical compound that subdues acids(4 & 9). Bases are said to be very unstable, bitter-tasting, and they are less reactive than an acid . For example, If you drink something from the dairy department, your stomach is most likely not…

01. Rules and Instructions in the Laboratory  General safety • Do not eat, drink, and smoke inside a laboratory.(1) • Handling contact lenses are prohibited in areas where specimens are handled.(1) • Long hairs, ties, scarves should be secured.(1) • Frequent hand washing is an important safety precaution.(1) • Keep work areas clean and tidy all times.(2) • Clean and wipe all of the work surfaces end of a experiment.(2)  Clothing • Lab coats should be worn in the laboratory to protect you and…

Direct Polycondensation The direct polycondensation has 3 main steps: 1. Removal of water. 2. Polycondensation of oligomer. 3. Melt condensation that makes PLA with high molecular weight. Direct polycondensation of lactic acid is the modest reaction that forms lactide simultaneously by the decomposition processes and it is not used for the large production of PLA [19-22]. Back in the days, the direct polycondensation was assumed as the reaction that produces inadequate polymers with low…

Crack Cocaine Crack cocaine is an extremely powerful and dangerous stimulant drug. Crack cocaine causes adverse side effects and serious health problems. Crack cocaine is very addicting and overdoses are very common. A History of Crack Cocaine The history of cocaine dates back thousands of years to ancient indigenous peoples in South America chewing the intoxicating erythroxylon coca leaves. Starting in the 1800’s, coca leaves were processed into various foods, drinks and medicines. During the…

The purpose of this lab was to prepare tetraphenylcyclopentadienone most commonly known as tetracyclone. This involved a 3-step synthesis over the course of 3 weeks. The first step was the preparation of benzoin, which was completed through self-condensation of benzaldehyde with thiamine used as the base catalyst of the reaction. The next step was the preparation of benzil from the oxidation reaction of benzoin with nitric acid. In the oxidation reaction, the alcohol functional group of benzoin…

other elements and metals upon the periodic table (Brown, LeMay, Bursten, Murphy, Woodward, & Stoltzfus, 2015). Such properties include Zinc’s existence as a moderately reactive metal and strong reducing agent, its ability to dissolve in acids and alkalis, and its display of a bluish-green flame when burned in the air (Dayah,…

The reaction of phenolphthalein reacting with sodium hydroxide consists of C20H14O4+ NaOH → NaKC8H4O4 (aq)+ H2O(l) Phenolphthalein is used as an indicator in this reaction because it changes color when a solution reaches a pH of around eight, or in other words the endpoint of a solution. It also allows us to see a physical change, thus resulting in a more accurate measure of how much was titrated. Citric acid is a weak acid, making it best titrated by using a strong base, such as sodium…

The human body is built up with multiple organs. Each of these organs has a specific function or sometimes two. For example, the pancreas has two functions the endocrine and the exocrine. Also, each of these organs has to be balanced in order for us to be maintaining a good health. If these organs are not in the homeostasis state which means to regulate the internal environment and to maintain a stabilization, diseases can occur at any time. One of the disorders that can be seen if the…

FMC Corporation aims to be a global leader in agricultural, health and nutrition sectors. It is already a major supplier in synthetic chemicals (for health & nutrition) and crop protection products (focused on plant nutrition and seed treatment). FMC has taken major steps over past five years. Some of them are: 1. Creating a focused portfolio: Rationalized through series of mergers and acquisitions 2. Going towards Demand Centers: More than half of FMC sales are from rapidly developing economies…

Rice-Wheat Farming Adaptation to Agro-ecosystem and Weather The rice-wheat farming system in the Indo-Gangetic plain occupies 13.5 M ha of India, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Nepal. In India rice-wheat farming system is the major source of food security as it produces 85% of cereal in 10 M ha. Initially large scale cultivation of in the North-western Indo-gangetic plain was wheat and Eastern Indo gangetic plain was rice due to the favourable climate. The adaptation and expansion of Rice-Wheat…