Alexander II of Russia

War is an underlying event that happens throughout history for various reasons. Whether it be an assassination, a rise of a revolution within a country, a meager argument between two settings, or a simple secluded alliance that can deceive the other at any chance, a war is bound to happen. Let’s begin with the definition of a world war. This type of specific kind of warfare occurs when major first world countries go into battle because of a formidable change that occurs or a threat of…

population against another” (Modern Jewish History: Pogroms). In the Russian pogroms against the Jews, the Russians were guilty of the murder and torture of Jews. The pogroms began in 1881 when a Jewish group was accused of the assassination of Czar Alexander II. His murder led to the spread of pogroms among Russian towns. The Russians’ goal became to “remove Jews from their economic and public positions” (Modern History: Pogroms). Jews were robbed, abused, and killed (Modern Jewish…

Energy is in the centre of the economic development of every country or region. It sets into motion and feeds factories, government buildings and offices, schools and hospitals. It warms up homes and keeps perishable foods cold. Its importance explains the shown complexity. Energy is source of wealth and competition, base for political controversies and technological investments, and also core of memorable challenges for our global environment. Energy is essential for development. Securing…

The Treaty of Westphalia in 1648 ends the European wars of religion and symbolizes the rise of the modern nation state. With the emerging notions of statehood and sovereignty based on law, concept of popular sovereignty and inalienable rights arise slowly in Europe. The Age of Reason (1685-1815) also known as “The Enlightenment” brings in the old continent as well as in the United States new doctrines such as nationalism that will alter their social structures. With the advent of these ideas the…

Finland did not have it easy. Its history was built on bloody wars and severe famines which affected policies and the national psyche for many generations. On December 6, 1917, just weeks after the Bolshevik Revolution in Russia, Finland declared its independence, but experienced a terrible civil war a few months later between the ‘whites’ (educated class supported by Germany and the large class of small farmers) and the ‘reds’ (the workers supported by the Russians, who were landless and lacked…

Food is arguably mankind's best friend, but also its worst enemy. How could something as insignificant as a potato divide the different social classes in France? In Tom Standage’s An Edible History of Humanity, he describes in great detail the role potatoes played in French social life. Food has played an important role in social statuses throughout history, but also a big political influence, and the deciding factor in many wars. There are many similarities between the impact of food…

When you look past the systematic killing of eleven million people, Adolf Hitler was a terrific leader who led disadvantaged Germany to conquer much of Europe. Alexander the Great took an established Macedon to defeat much of Asia and North Africa through exceptional leadership and strategy. Attila the Hun led his nomadic people to dominate ancient Europe and brought Eastern Rome to its knees. These were great…

Prussia: A Forgotten Nation From the rise and fall of the Holy Roman Empire - 962 AD to 1806- ("Holy"), to the American Revolution -1765 and 1783-, there have been many different nations to exist, then split up, change their names, or completely disband. Sikkim -1642 to 1975-, Czechoslovakia - 1918 to 1993-, Yugoslavia -1918 to 1992- and Neutral Moresnet -1816 to 1920-(Hoeller), all of these are either nations that used to exist, or nations that have gone through some name changes. Much like…

Stalin emancipated the private factories to state factories because of the change of government also in 1861 Russia had in emancipation The reform effectively abolished serfdom throughout the Russian Empire. The 1861 Emancipation Manifesto proclaimed the emancipation of the serfs on private estates and of the domestic (household) serfs. ... The serfs were emancipated in 1861, by Tsar Alexander II so this was false hope for a slave but most slaves did not want to leave because of the willie…

Born Alisa Zinov'yevna Rosenbaum to a Jewish family in Tsarist Russia, Ayn Rand was surrounded by pogroms aimed at the Jewish and anti- semitism increased after the assassination of Tzar Alexander II in 1881. There were two younger sisters in her family: Natalia, known as Natasha, and Elanora, known as Nora. Her mother was Anna Borisovna née Kaplan and they had a mutual dislike of each other as Rand thought she was a social climbing, unprincipled conformist and Borisovna thought her daughter did…