Aldosterone

Introduction: Left ventricular non-compaction (LVNC) is a heterogeneous myocardial disease first described nine decades ago in 1926, by Grant et al (Medicine et al. 2014). At that time and still today, LVNC has been characterized by three primary criteria: prominent ventricular trabeculations, deep intertrabecular recesses, and the development of two distinct layers of myocardium, compacted and noncompacted (Chin et al. 1990). Similar to Grant et al’s original case, the majority of early…

Kidney: Major Functions ✓ C-ontrols electrolyte and fluid balance ✓ R-egulates homeostasis of blood and acid-base balance ✓ R-egulates RBC production ✓ E-liminates end products of metabolism, ✓ S-ecretes renin, parathyroid hormones and Vitamin D [pic] The Kidney: Nephron • Functional unit of the kidney that produces urine by filtration Blood Supply of the Kidney • Renal artery- branch of the abdominal aorta • Renal vein- drains into the inferior…

1.1 Background Atrial fibrillation (AF) is responsible for significantly increased morbidity and mortality, worsened New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class, and impaired quality of life in the general population [1]. For instance, data from the longitudinal population-based Framingham Heart Study suggest that AF is solely associated with a threefold to fivefold increased risk of stroke [2] and with an approximately twofold increased risk for mortality [3]. The ischemic strokes due to…

parahormone which regulates calcium and phosphorus by stimulating the transfer of calcium from bone to blood, and inhibiting bone formation and by increasing calcium reabsorption and phosphate excretion in the kidney. 4. Mineral corticosteroids such as aldosterone are secreted by the adrenal…

Heart Attack Heart attack is the consequence and progression of worsening CAD. The coronary artery become partial of completely blocked and suddenly stop the blood flow. Without oxygen part of the heart become permanently damaged and loses its ability of contractility; resulting in scarred area or necrosis. These damage are permanent or irreversible (Mozaffarian et al., 2015). Cardiomyopathy Cardiomyopathy is a diseased heart muscle. The chambers of the heart enlarge and the heart muscle…

Atherosclerosis is when one's arteries, the blood vessels that carry oxygen and other nutrients from one's heart to the rest of their body, become thick and stiff; resulting in the occasional restriction of blood flow to their organs and tissues. Symptoms normally do not appear if it is a mild case. A moderate to severe case has different symptoms depending on where the affected arteries are located. When located in the heart arteries one might experience chest pains or chest pressure, but if…

ACTH-1-39: Product Description ACTH 1-39 is a synthetic polypeptide hormone that consists of 39 amino acids. ACTH 1-39 is commonly referred to as Adrenocorticotropic hormone, corticotrophin, or ACTH. The molecular formula for ACTH 1-39 is C207H308N56O58S1 and a molecular mass of 4541.11 kilo Daltons. The structure of ACTH 1-39 corresponds to the full-length structure of ACTH. The natural Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) is naturally synthesized by the anterior pituitary gland and its release…

Patient Interview Paper The chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive and mostly irreversible deteriorating condition of the function of the lung and disease of heterogeneous with comorbidities. According to World Health Organization (WHO, 2015) the COPD is going to be the third leading cause of death by 2030 and estimated approximately 80 million in worldwide. This is the general term used to explain the numeral conditions inclusive of chronic bronchitis and emphysema. The…

Degenerative joint disease (Osteoarthritis) is a breakdown of cartilage inside a joint. Common symptoms of Osteoarthritis are stiffness, pain and joint dysfunction (Better Health Channel, 2016, para. 5). Glucosamine is an effective treatment for Osteoarthritis (Arthritis Research, 2005, para. 3). The double-blind randomized clinical trial (RCT) conducted by Hamid Reza Arti and Mohammad Ebrahim Azemi in 2012 drew attention to Alendronate. Alendronate is known to have healing properties and…

• Introduction : Congestive heart failure (CHF) is specifically known as congestive cardiac failure (CCF) in the scientific papers. The term ‘’CHF’’ describes a debilitating condition in which the heart 's function as a pump is unable to deliver an adequate amount of rich-oxygen blood to the rest of the body and the fluid builds up in the body and other organs making the heart congested. CHF results from any structural or functional cardiac disorder that weakens the pumping ability of the heart,…