Aldehyde

which is the byproduct of ATP production. It is important in the coagulation of milk casein too. Coagulation is the combination of rennet; an enzyme and lactic acid. While ripening, the bacteria will produce volatile flavor compounds (e.g. diacetyl, aldehydes), by releasing proteolytic and lipolytic enzymes. The bacteria will also produce natural antibiotic substances that suppress growth of pathogens and other spoilage…

This lab was a two week long lab called the Grignard Reaction lab. The purpose of this lab was to perform the Grignard reaction and to obtain the final product triphenylmethanol from a halide, phenylmagnesium bromide and the starting material, methyl benzoate along with the Grignard reagent. Bromobenzene, magnesium turnings, and anhydrous ether were needed to form the Grignard reagent. To synthesize the reagent, react the reagent with methyl benzoate to form a tertiary alcohol. The objective of…

The objective of this experiment was to study the stereochemistry of the borohydride reduction of camphor. Sodium Borohydride is a reducing agent that is able to reduce ketones and aldehydes. In this case, camphor, which contains a ketone, was reduced with sodium borohydride. Reduction of a carbonyl with sodium borohydride occurs when the hydride ion adds to the carbonyl carbon, breaking the C=O bond and creating a new C-H bond. When the reduction occurs, the hydride transfer will occur on the…

Sara Ann Thornley 2/3/17 Macronutrients Dr. Huggins Assignment #1 1. A reducing sugar is a sugar that is capable of breaking down certain substances. They have a free ketone or aldehyde group which allows them to become hemiacetale and hemiketals (Gropper, 65). Glucose and galactose are both reducing sugars. In glucose-galactose malabsorption, the patients are not able to properly absorb these monosaccharaides, leading to an excess amount of glucose and galactose in the digestive track. 2.…

A. fischeriThe overall purpose of this study was to create a genomic library of Aliivibrio fischeri (A. fischeri) thus aiding in creating a restriction map of the lux operon. It also employs typical molecular techniques important for biologists to understand. In this portion of the lab, the chromosomal DNA (chDNA) will be isolated. Its purity will be measured using spectrophotometric analysis. Lastly, the DNA will be digested and verified via gel electrophoresis. A. fischeri is a gram…

Reduction involves increasing the number of carbon hydrogen bonds by adding hydrogen across a double or triple bond which results in an increase in electron density at the carbon atom. Organic functional groups containing double and triple bonds which undergo reduction are unsaturated. The reduction of the double bond by addition of hydrogen atoms results in the product being fully saturated. Metal hydride reducing agents that have different reactivities toward specific functional groups are…

a structure that differs from this basic skeleton in the degrees of unsaturation within the ring system and the identities of the hydrocarbon side chain substituents attached to the rings. These substituents are in most cases oxidized to alcohol, aldehyde , ketone , or carboxylic acid functional groups.…

The 1H NMR data strongly suggests that 3-pentanol was produced. On the 1H NMR, there are a total of 12H, which is the correct number of protons on 3-pentanol. Around 3.45ppm, there is a multiplet with an integration of 1. This peak corresponds to the methine proton on the carbon bearing the alcohol. The integration of 1 is correct since there is only one proton on that carbon. This proton has 5 neighboring protons, and is expected to be a multiplet (doublet of triples, or a triple of doublets).…

American Indians statistically suffer disproportionately from alcohol abuse compared with other racial groups in the United States. The factors that influence alcoholism among Native populations are still widely unknown, causing great health disparities in their people. To get an accurate perspective on alcohol use among Native Americans, examining different variants such as genetic and environmental factors would help determine if and why American Indians are predisposed to alcoholism. Recent…

Aging Context Aging is treated as a vital factor in the etiology of human disease (ES-2014-aging). It is also an important risk factor for AD and PD onset and progression. Biologically, aging is an inevitable biological process that is characterized by a progressive decline in physiological function, including cognition, and by the increased susceptibility to disease (RX-2013). Oxidative stress and mitochondrial malfunction are two interdependent mechanisms that play a central role in brain…