Albedo

The changes vary across the Arctic; the largest decreases occur in maritime regions of the Arctic (Alaska, northern Scandinavia, and the Pacific coast region of Russia) [8]. Climate model projections indicate decreases in the duration of snow cover of 10 to 20% over most of the Arctic by 2050 and Scandinavia will experience the most loss (around 30 to 40%) [2]. 2.4 Temperature Average Arctic temperatures have increased at almost twice the global average rate in the past 100 years according to…

Differential heating occurs when the earth leans and rotates around the sun that heats the globe year long. Because of so many changes of solar radiation, lower latitudes have more energy than the higher latitudes from the sun. Some locations on the same line of latitude will have different weather depending on how close or far they are to the oceans. Also lakes and rivers reduce the heat temperature because of the large amount of water they hold. When the atmosphere heats up it creates pressure…

the material which has a bigger greenhouse effect is water vapor. Its greenhouse effect is very big, and what happens when something with water gets too hot, water evaporates and that becomes water vapor which makes the earth gets hotter plus the albedo plus the earth gets each time warmer naturally which basically ends up in an extreme version of venus. Venus does deflect the solar winds, but it is thanks to its ionosphere not the magnetosphere. The deflection is very interesting, since it is…

The snowball Earth Theory was hypothesized by British geologist Brian Harland in 1964. The core ideal of the theory is that during the Pre-Cambrian period, the continents of the Earth were located near the Southern Hemisphere, and the entire planet was covered in glacial ice sheets, from the Poles to the equator (Schrag, et al., 2002). The following essay will aim to explain the theory of the Snowball Earth in detail. Brian Harland based his theory on the fact that he found glacial tillites with…

2011) As a result, studies are mostly focused on observation. Rainforests, like all forms of vegetation, affect the "surface albedo" or reflectivity of a surface by absorbing more heat than bare soil. In turn, this warm carries moisture from forest trees into to atmosphere, where it condenses as rain (Rhett Buttler) but for the case of Costa Rica’s rainforest, they are noticing…

The Arctic is very sensitive to changes in the Earth system's climate. During the Cenozoic era, 65 million years ago (Ma) to the present, the Arctic has undergone a transition in extremes from the ice-free greenhouse conditions of the late Paleocene and early Eocene epochs, approximately 55–48 Ma, to the icehouse conditions of the Quaternary, culminating in the extensive continental ice sheets and Arctic Ocean sea ice of the Last Glacial Maximum, approximately 24–20 ka (Moran et al. 2006). (To…

surface. The moon’s surface is unlike any found on earth and is made of regolith, or a layer of unconsolidated rocky material covering bedrock. We are able to see the moon at night when it reflects light given off by the sun due to the regolith’s albedo percentage of 7-10%; meaning anywhere from 7% to 10% of all light shown on the surface of the Moon is refracted back upwards rather than absorbed, as it would be on Earth. These recreations made with almost identical conditions clearly indicate…

The Future of Species Pink Horned Toad One hundred years later from now, the global warming still affects living creatures in the Earth and no species can avoid the consequence made by this gradual temperature rise. So do the pink horned toads which live in Northern South America. With rising temperature, toads, living in the tropical jungle, might be less adaptive to the change since they used to stay in a small or no temperature deviation environment. However, the global warming not only…

At this very moment, NASA’S Dawn Spacecraft is closing in on the dwarf planet Ceres, which meeks out its lonely existence out in the Asteroid Belt between Mars and Jupiter, that ring slowly spinning beyond the inner planets’ orbits, separating us from the gas giants, the oort cloud, and that vast emptiness beyond. However, Dawn’s approach of Ceres has already been so Chock Full of odd surprises that astronomers are unsure what to make of the dwarf planet. For starters, NASA aired a video last…

environment. Living in the cold is not easy, polar bears develop thick layers that facilitate the walk on the snow. Also, they are too big to live in snowpack or in subnivean environment. In the summer, sea ice melt with the increasing of heat and the high albedo of snow. It becomes difficult for polar bears to hunt seals because the ice is crack all over the place. The polar bears have to find an isolate place where they can feed before the winter arrives. In the winter times, there are cold…