Air Force Base

Part A: Background Information Acids and bases are very common in today’s society, and they can be found in most households. Acids can be found as by-products of air pollution, concrete cleaner, food flavouring and is produced by the muscle. Bases are found in most cleaning products as ammonia or sodium hydroxide, and they also treat indigestion. There are many ways that acids and bases can be defined by their chemical properties. The Bronsted-Lowry definition states that acids are proton…

Table: Summary of method validation parameter results Validation parameters Acceptance criteria Results Aminexil Minoxidil System suitability Theoretical plates should be NLT 2000 2411 11620 The tailing factor should be NMT 2.0 1.50 1.10 The RSD of five replicate injection should be NMT 2.0% 0.42 0.90 Specificity Peak of Aminexil and Minoxidil should be pure Peaks of Aminexil and Minoxidil are pure. The degradation products should be well resolved from Aminexil and Minoxidil peaks All…

Experiment 1: Standardisation of approximately 0.25 M Hydrochloric Acid Abstract The aim of the study was to standardise a solution of hydrochloric acid with an approximate concentration of 2.5 M against sodium carbonate solution. The main steps of this experiment were preparing the sodium carbonate solution, transferring the solution into a conical flask by using a pipette, adding the bromophenol blue indicator and titrating with hydrochloric acid until the first green colour appeared. The…

hydroxide to saponify 1 g of the sample. In this experiment, the researchers used chemicals such as ethanol, hydrochloric acid (HCl), potassium hydroxide (KOH) and phenolphthalein indicator. Laboratory Apparatuses and Equipment such as 650 mm long Air (reflux) condenser, 250 ml beakers, Buchner funnel, boiling beads, 50 ml burets, Coconut oil sample, filter papers, 250ml Erlenmeyer flasks, pipettes, side-arm flask, hot plate, water bath…

amount of the test water. Then I washed the conical flask with distilled water and pipetted into the conical flask 100 cm3 of the test water. After that I added 3 drops of indicator mo or mr. The next step was preparing the burette, hence I removed any air bubbles from the nozzle and filled it with 0,025 M hydrochloric acid till zero (the lower meniscus has to coincide with the scales 0-notation). Then I titrated the water sample with a 0,025 M hydrochloric acid solution, while stirred the water…

Introduction The objectives in this laboratory were to explore the titrations of several known acids and bases as well as observing the mole reactions of the chemical reactions that each compound undertook. The four following acids and bases were used to predict when a set amount of reactant would reach equilibrium: Hydrochloric Acid (HCl), H2SO4 (Sulfuric Acid), NaOH (Sodium Hydroxide), and Ba(OH)2 (Barium hydroxide). An unbalanced equation of each reaction was given so the balanced equation…

DISCUSSSIONNN ————————— 1+2.) The results gathered showed that compound A had two spots, lower spot had an rf value of 0.48 and upper spot had an rf value of 0.77, this shows that compound A contained both paracetamol which has an rf value of 0.48 and caffeine which has an rf value of 0.77. Compound B had an rf value of 0.77 which is the same as caffeine therefore compound B contained caffeine. Compound C had an rf value of 0.48 which is the same as paracetamol therefore compound C contained…

NOSIPHO ZUMA A00018164 BIO 120 DR HAYATU RAJI LAB 1: PH TEST FOR VARIOUS SUBSTANCES LAB PARTNERS: AMINA SULEIMAN, SEDOO ORJE-ISHEGH DATE: 27 SEPTEMBER 2016 Abstract The primary purpose of this experiment was to determine pH levels of various substances using different methods. Two techniques were used, the pH paper indicator and the pH meter. Out of ten substances that were used, five of them were found to be acidic, namely: hydrochloric acid, coke, toothpaste, milk, and acetic acid. Sodium…

Sulphite ion (SO32-) is a weak base, but undergoes some hydrolysis to produce basic solutions. In acidic solution, the equilibria are shifted to form sulfurous acid, resulting in the evolution of SO2 gas. Sulfur dioxide is a colorless gas with a characteristic choking odor. The sulfites of Na+, K+, and NH4+ are soluble in water. Most other sulfites are insoluble in water. However, due to the basic nature of SO32-, all sulfites dissolve in acidic solution. Sulphites may occur in natural waters or…

Mustard oil is a fatty vegetable oil which is obtained from mustard seeds. There are basically three varieties of mustard oil available. The difference between these three varieties lies in the method of extraction, chemical composition and properties. The fatty vegetable mustard oil is extracted by pressing mustard seeds. Mustard oil is obtained by cold compression of the mustard seeds and by infusing this extracted oil with other oils to get the final product. Essential mustard oil is obtained…