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Experiments involving chemical reactions can be performed using simple household ingredients and products such as baking soda and vinegar. When baking soda (sodium hydrogen carbonate) reacts with ethanoic acid which is found in vinegar in a 1:1 ration, the reaction will produce three different products which are water, carbon dioxide and Sodium acetate. The reaction is: NaHCO3 + HC2H3O2 → NaC2H3O2 + H2O + CO2 In the experiment, the quantitative relationship between the two reagents which is the…

The objective of the lab was to determine the densities of known and unknown metal solids and liquids. For the liquids, initially, an Electronic Scale was placed onto Work Bench, and it was zeroed. An empty 50 mL Graduated Cylinder was placed onto the scale, weighing 54.00 grams. In increments of 10 mL. Until the volume was 30.00 Ml, 10.00 mL of water was poured into the Graduated Cylinder. In between each increase of 10.00 mL, the total volume and mass were recorded. For the known metals, the…

Analysis of Chemical Equilibria INTRODUCTION The reaction being done with borax and HCl is an acid base reaction. The K constant expression of the reaction is Kc = [Na^+][B4O7^-2]. A titration is needed for this experiment because when a strong acid with a known concentration is added to a weak base, the unknown concentration of the weak base can be found, which can then find the moles of the weak base, which can then find the Kc. The first law of thermodynamics is that energy can’t be created…

Experiment 1. Title: How does the amount of baking soda affect its reaction with vinegar? Aim: To find out how different amounts of baking soda (soda bicarbonate) affect the length of its chemical reaction with vinegar (acetic acid). Hypothesis: If the amount of baking soda is increased then the length of its reaction with vinegar will increase because there will be more soda bicarbonate for the acetic acid to react with. Equipment:  Baking Soda  Vinegar  5 glasses  Safety glasses …

NIMOTOP INJECTION Nimodipine 0.02% solution contains the following excipients: Ethanol 96%, Macrogol 400, sodium citrate, citric acid, Water for Injections Ph. Eur. These excipients consist of properties that aim towards the proper functionality of Nimotop. They consist of inherent stabilities that cause little or no effect in the stability of the drug and they do not have any acute or chronic toxicity. The excipients are also added into the Nimodipine 0.02% solution to enhance the biological…

CHAPTER THREE MATERIAL AND METHODS 1. PHYSICO-CHEMICAL CHARACTERCITICS: The effluent collected were analyzed in the laboratory for pH, acidity, alkalinity, salinity, total dissolved solid(TDS), conductivity, total hardness, calcium hardness, magnesium hardness, total solid, total suspension solid, turbidity, BOD, DO and COD using standard methods (APHA,2005). A.DETERMINATION OF pH: The electrode of pH meter was calibrated with standard buffer solutions of pH 4, 7 and 9. The electrode was then…

To determine optimal pH value for the hydrolysis of p-NPG by leukocyte GCase, we examined effects of variable pH (4.0-5.5) at a constant substrate concentration (5mM). Figure 1 shows the pH activity curves of leukocyte GCase assayed in the presence and absence of 6 mg per ml Sodium taurocholate. In the absence of the pure sodium taurocholate, the activity in the range of pH 4.0-4.8 was considerably lower. However, in the presence of pure Sodium taurocholate, leukocyte GCase was optimally active…

Truc-Nhi Do Separation of a Mixture The purpose of this lab was to separate a mixture, calculate the percent composition by mass, and find percent error. I first started out by taking the mass of each component of the lab. I used the infiltration method to allow the salt and water solution, a blended mixture, to pass through the filtration paper and into the beaker. A trick to know if something is a solution is to see is it has the aqueous sign (aq) in the formula, like NaCl(aq). This step…

Contents: Introduction-Page 2 Review of Literature- Page 3 Presenting of findings- Page 4 Processing of findings- Page 5 Conclusion- Page 8 Reference list- Page 8 Appendix-Page 9 The research that I have conducted on acid mine drainage (to be referred to as AMD throughout the contents) has been to investigate the effects of AMD on the environment with a more definite focus on the effects that AMD has on plant life. The aim of this research is to determine the impact that AMD has on the…

neutralize an acid in a reaction. Antacids are bases and the chemistry definitions of a base vary. A base is defined as a substance that produces OH- ions in solution in the Arrhenius definition. There is also the Bronsted Lowry definition and the Lewis definition. They are defined as the following respectively: a proton acceptor or H+ ion acceptor and an electron pair donor. These terms are used interchangeably to figure out if an element or compound is a base. A base will produce OH- in the…