Agricultural soil science

A terrestrial ecosystem is an ecosystem found only on land. There were six primary terrestrial ecosystems which are tundra, taiga, temperate broadleaf forest, tropical rain forest, grassland and desert. Terrestrial environments are segmented into a subterranean portion from which most water and ions are obtained. An atmospheric portion from which gases are obtained and the physical energy of light is transformed into the organic energy of carbon-carbon bonds through the process of…

Trees are very essential to us. You will realize that trees normally provide us with shade whenever the sun is hot. Trees also help in preventing soil erosion. They also make our compounds beautiful and attractive. They are also known to purify the air around us. This is the reason why most people plant trees around their homes. However, these trees can be problematic. They can grow too big to the extent of interfering with the foundation of your house. In addition, a limb of a tree can fall on…

2.7. Soil erosion modeling For this study a model-based approach was used to assess soil erosion risk. The well-known Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) (Wischmeier and Smith, 1978) was used because it is one of the least data demanding erosion models that have been developed and it has been applied widely at different scales. The model is designed to estimate long-term annual erosion rates of agricultural fields. The USLE model as described in Equation 1 was used to predict erosion of each 100…

2.4 Factors that Affect Colletotrichum sp. Infection and Growth Factors that affect Colletotrichum growth and infection include inoculum concentration, wetness duration, temperature, age of plant, resistant plant cultivar, pH, nutrient and light. 2.4.1 Inoculum density One of the main factors that facilitate Colletotrichum sp. infection and growth is inoculum density. Up till now, according to Diéguez-Uribeondo et al. (2011), disease severity increased exponentially with increasing…

The easiest way to explain transpiration is to think of it as plant evaporation. Transpiration as a whole is the general cycle for water regarding plants, this includes the movement of water throughout the plant itself and the movement of water leaving the organism. However, most definitions of transpiration focus on aerial parts such as the stomata on the leaves. The adhesion and cohesion of water is something very important to life. It is these properties that allow the movement of water…

CONSISTENCY LIMITS OF A SOIL 3.1 Introduction 3.1.1 Objective To determine the Atterberg Limits of Soils 3.1.2 Learning Outcomes Understand the Principle of Consistency and Atterberg Limits of Clay Soils Describe the Atterberg Limit Tests and their uses Perform the tests and obtain the Atterberg Limits Calculate some Indices (Flow Index, Plasticity Index and Toughness Index) for the Clay Soil 3.1.3 Consistency indices Fine-grained soils are formed in nature by the gradual deposition of soil…

7- Chapter 8: Apples or Indians There are three types of agricultural areas that lie at opposite extremes and are centers of independent domestication, each having an impact on food cultivation. The first region is part of Southwest Asia known as the Fertile Crescent. It appears to have been the earliest site for many developments such as cities, writing, empires, and civilization. Aside from this, the Fertile Crescent was also the earliest center of food production in the world. This included…

Cooling temperatures and damp soil encourage strong root development. Consider following their advice and planting shrubs in the early fall to give the plants a head start at establishing roots in the season's chilly, moist earth. Don’t forget about hardscaping this fall season. Sidewalks…

In order to properly grow, plants need certain macronutrients and micronutrients. They need the macronutrients: nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium, calcium, sulfur, magnesium; and the micronutrients: boron, chlorine, manganese, iron, zinc, copper, molybdenum, and nickel. (3). Fertilizer enhances the growth rate of plants. Fertilizer adds nutrients and modifies the water retention and aeration of plants. Fertilizer contains three main macronutrients: nitrogen for leaf growth; phosphorus for the…

On 11 March 2011, a magnitude 9.0 earthquake and resulting tsunami occurred off the east coast of Japan. The tsunami resulted in extensive flooding along the east coast of Japan. Located near the towns of Ōkuma and Futaba on the east coast of Japan the Tokyo Electronic Power Company’s (TEPCO) Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) sustained substantial damage. The FDNPP consists of six individual nuclear power reactors. Planned maintenance was being performed on reactors 4, 5 and 6.…